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2015 Vol. 14, No. 2
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2015, 14(2): 1-7.
Abstract:
The Pacific Science Congress was born in the 1920s. It aimed at uniting the countries around the Pacific Ocean to explore and protect the natural resources as well as to promote the friendship of the people in the Pacific Rim. Some European countries, America, and Asian countries and regions in the Pacific Rim became the members of the Pacific Science Association and take turns to host the congress. The Republic of China attended the congress since the third conference in Tokyo and won the membership. The Chinese scientists took part in the exploration and research of the natural resources actively and were acknowledged in forestry and meteorology fields by scientists in other countries. By participating in this conference, the process of China's scientific institutionalization was accelerated, which played a great role in promoting the development of geology, botany and oceanography in China. Moreover, some new thoughts of the international scientific community such as natural monument protection was introduced into China.
The Pacific Science Congress was born in the 1920s. It aimed at uniting the countries around the Pacific Ocean to explore and protect the natural resources as well as to promote the friendship of the people in the Pacific Rim. Some European countries, America, and Asian countries and regions in the Pacific Rim became the members of the Pacific Science Association and take turns to host the congress. The Republic of China attended the congress since the third conference in Tokyo and won the membership. The Chinese scientists took part in the exploration and research of the natural resources actively and were acknowledged in forestry and meteorology fields by scientists in other countries. By participating in this conference, the process of China's scientific institutionalization was accelerated, which played a great role in promoting the development of geology, botany and oceanography in China. Moreover, some new thoughts of the international scientific community such as natural monument protection was introduced into China.
2015, 14(2): 8-12.
Abstract:
There is a controversy of the existence of Chinese ancient public gardens. This paper combine with relevant historical information, which include the public garden爷s content, title, function, source, prove its existence from the perspective of historical literature research. Through demonstration, we found that ancient public gardens are a special type of Chinese classical gardens, which merge the natural landscape and the profound history culture. Retrospect the history of ancient public gardens, can not only supplements and enriches Chinese ancient gardens system, but also expands the research area of garden history. Understanding the ancient history of garden culture, has a positive meaning on the heritage of traditional culture and regaining the cultural self-confidence, also for reviving national spirit. In addition, the ancient public gardens pursuit a simple life of combined with a high culture and low consumption, both to meet the basic spiritual needs without destroying the environment, which has a reference on nowadays environmental protection and public garden construction.
There is a controversy of the existence of Chinese ancient public gardens. This paper combine with relevant historical information, which include the public garden爷s content, title, function, source, prove its existence from the perspective of historical literature research. Through demonstration, we found that ancient public gardens are a special type of Chinese classical gardens, which merge the natural landscape and the profound history culture. Retrospect the history of ancient public gardens, can not only supplements and enriches Chinese ancient gardens system, but also expands the research area of garden history. Understanding the ancient history of garden culture, has a positive meaning on the heritage of traditional culture and regaining the cultural self-confidence, also for reviving national spirit. In addition, the ancient public gardens pursuit a simple life of combined with a high culture and low consumption, both to meet the basic spiritual needs without destroying the environment, which has a reference on nowadays environmental protection and public garden construction.
2015, 14(2): 13-16.
Abstract:
The city of Beijing is subject to many problems, such as high population density, serious environmental pollution, biodiversity loss and other problems, which, along with busy work, high living cost and so on, cause many people to be at the sub-health state. It is a new trend of international forestry development to increase the green welfare of the nationals by developing forest therapy. It is not only propitious for forest protection and multi-function utilization, but also can improve the health level of citizens, and increase new employments. The paper introduces the progress of the domestic and foreign forest therapy development, and elaborates the role of forest therapy on human health. Based on the characteristics of social economy and forestry development of Beijing, the key points of forest therapy base construction and the suggestions of promoting the development of forest therapy are also proposed.
The city of Beijing is subject to many problems, such as high population density, serious environmental pollution, biodiversity loss and other problems, which, along with busy work, high living cost and so on, cause many people to be at the sub-health state. It is a new trend of international forestry development to increase the green welfare of the nationals by developing forest therapy. It is not only propitious for forest protection and multi-function utilization, but also can improve the health level of citizens, and increase new employments. The paper introduces the progress of the domestic and foreign forest therapy development, and elaborates the role of forest therapy on human health. Based on the characteristics of social economy and forestry development of Beijing, the key points of forest therapy base construction and the suggestions of promoting the development of forest therapy are also proposed.
2015, 14(2): 16-20.
Abstract:
Based on the review of the history of national forest city construction in China and the development of forest city evolution both at home and abroad, this paper elaborated systematically the basic requirements, ways and means of the establishment of China national forest city in the context of ecological civilization movement, and gave a further explanation of the basic principles and essential measures of the overall planning of city forest construction, concept of city forest construction and the establishment of national forest city. It also analyzed the main problems existing in China爷s forest city construction and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of national forest city establishment.
Based on the review of the history of national forest city construction in China and the development of forest city evolution both at home and abroad, this paper elaborated systematically the basic requirements, ways and means of the establishment of China national forest city in the context of ecological civilization movement, and gave a further explanation of the basic principles and essential measures of the overall planning of city forest construction, concept of city forest construction and the establishment of national forest city. It also analyzed the main problems existing in China爷s forest city construction and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of national forest city establishment.
2015, 14(2): 21-27.
Abstract:
A crucial content of the reform of China's collective forest right system is to encourage and regulate forest property circulation on the basis of rights confirmation. However, the circulation of the forest right does not necessarily lead to the change of the forestry property. Firstly, taking the change of China's forestry property as the research subject, the paper clarifies the difference between the change of forestry property and the circulation of forest right. Secondly, a comparative analysis method is employed to make a profound research on the stipulations of the forestry property change in the following laws including Property Law of the People's Republic of China、Forest Law of the People's Republic of China and the Contractual Right of Land Law of the People's Republic of China, as well as the relevant regulations in Germany and Japan in this regard. Thirdly, based on its situation at the present stage, this paper sums up the problems of China's forestry property change by comparing its models and various limitations it faces. Finally, in order to provide the reference to the reinforcement and perfection of the forestry property reform, some proposals are put forward including simplifying the procedure of forestry property alteration, and accelerating the improvement of the service and support measures related to forestry property alteration.
A crucial content of the reform of China's collective forest right system is to encourage and regulate forest property circulation on the basis of rights confirmation. However, the circulation of the forest right does not necessarily lead to the change of the forestry property. Firstly, taking the change of China's forestry property as the research subject, the paper clarifies the difference between the change of forestry property and the circulation of forest right. Secondly, a comparative analysis method is employed to make a profound research on the stipulations of the forestry property change in the following laws including Property Law of the People's Republic of China、Forest Law of the People's Republic of China and the Contractual Right of Land Law of the People's Republic of China, as well as the relevant regulations in Germany and Japan in this regard. Thirdly, based on its situation at the present stage, this paper sums up the problems of China's forestry property change by comparing its models and various limitations it faces. Finally, in order to provide the reference to the reinforcement and perfection of the forestry property reform, some proposals are put forward including simplifying the procedure of forestry property alteration, and accelerating the improvement of the service and support measures related to forestry property alteration.
2015, 14(2): 28-33.
Abstract:
Taking Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park as a case, this paper studies the changes of disturbances in terms of form, intensity and frequency suffered by forest parks after they are transitioned from suburban to downtown ones. The results show that human disturbance including frequent leisure activities, unreasonable development, surrounding of rapid transportation network, segmentation and poaching resulted in the environmental pressure in Zijin Mountain, which led to soil erosion, white pollution, traffic congestion, reduction of biodiversity and the dropping of coordination degree of acoustic landscape. In this research, Zijin Mountain was planned to be divided into ecological conservation area, core sensitive area, intelligent tourism area and cultural leisure area. Through ecological adjustments, such as optimizing the structure of forest stand, protecting wildlife and strengthening fire prevention inspection and by optimizing space partition management mode via the enhancement of intelligence control measures, the control of visitors and vehicles, the improvement of tourism experience, the perfection of convenience service system and the monitor of forestry resources with information technology, this research aims to build an ecologically intelligent composite development model, and provide important guidance for the forest park management.
Taking Nanjing Zijin Mountain National Forest Park as a case, this paper studies the changes of disturbances in terms of form, intensity and frequency suffered by forest parks after they are transitioned from suburban to downtown ones. The results show that human disturbance including frequent leisure activities, unreasonable development, surrounding of rapid transportation network, segmentation and poaching resulted in the environmental pressure in Zijin Mountain, which led to soil erosion, white pollution, traffic congestion, reduction of biodiversity and the dropping of coordination degree of acoustic landscape. In this research, Zijin Mountain was planned to be divided into ecological conservation area, core sensitive area, intelligent tourism area and cultural leisure area. Through ecological adjustments, such as optimizing the structure of forest stand, protecting wildlife and strengthening fire prevention inspection and by optimizing space partition management mode via the enhancement of intelligence control measures, the control of visitors and vehicles, the improvement of tourism experience, the perfection of convenience service system and the monitor of forestry resources with information technology, this research aims to build an ecologically intelligent composite development model, and provide important guidance for the forest park management.
2015, 14(2): 34-40.
Abstract:
Social civilization and ecological civilization are two of the most significant sections in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. As a symbol of social civilization, providers of volunteer services will be defined as environmental volunteers once they are engaged in ecological civilization construction. A full understanding of the characteristics of environmental volunteers will help us to properly utilize the human resources in China and develop the public services in the field of ecological and environmental protection. In this research, questionnaire survey were conducted among environmental volunteers in Taroko National Park and Yangmingshan National Park of Taiwan, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Motivation, satisfaction and organizational commitment of environmental volunteers were then analyzed to explore the differences of the volunteers in these three aspects who have different social and economic backgrounds. Finally, proposals for the effective management and long-term development of environmental volunteering were put forward.
Social civilization and ecological civilization are two of the most significant sections in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. As a symbol of social civilization, providers of volunteer services will be defined as environmental volunteers once they are engaged in ecological civilization construction. A full understanding of the characteristics of environmental volunteers will help us to properly utilize the human resources in China and develop the public services in the field of ecological and environmental protection. In this research, questionnaire survey were conducted among environmental volunteers in Taroko National Park and Yangmingshan National Park of Taiwan, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Motivation, satisfaction and organizational commitment of environmental volunteers were then analyzed to explore the differences of the volunteers in these three aspects who have different social and economic backgrounds. Finally, proposals for the effective management and long-term development of environmental volunteering were put forward.
2015, 14(2): 41-46.
Abstract:
With the acceleration of city construction and urban-rural integration, the landscape architecture with both Chinese local characteristics and modern features has increasingly attracted public attention in the wave of globalization. The Square Pagoda Garden roots in tradition but goes beyond it, and integrates with modernity. It enriches the local culture and gives a new modernist meaning in the time limit of local culture. The Square Pagoda Garden is the earliest and most representative case throughout the history of local landscape design in modern China. In this article we compared the Chinese and foreign scholars'understanding of the local landscape and vernacular landscape, then we proposed three basic elements of the local landscape: a critical review of modernity, the culture nutrients based on the local culture, and construction with expanding realities. Then the local imagery of the Square Pagoda Garden is analyzed from three aspects: criticism of modernity, spirit of place, and tectonics. Finally, by analyzing typical design cases of contemporary local landscape and architecture, we summed up the basic strategies for the modernist transformation of local landscape.
With the acceleration of city construction and urban-rural integration, the landscape architecture with both Chinese local characteristics and modern features has increasingly attracted public attention in the wave of globalization. The Square Pagoda Garden roots in tradition but goes beyond it, and integrates with modernity. It enriches the local culture and gives a new modernist meaning in the time limit of local culture. The Square Pagoda Garden is the earliest and most representative case throughout the history of local landscape design in modern China. In this article we compared the Chinese and foreign scholars'understanding of the local landscape and vernacular landscape, then we proposed three basic elements of the local landscape: a critical review of modernity, the culture nutrients based on the local culture, and construction with expanding realities. Then the local imagery of the Square Pagoda Garden is analyzed from three aspects: criticism of modernity, spirit of place, and tectonics. Finally, by analyzing typical design cases of contemporary local landscape and architecture, we summed up the basic strategies for the modernist transformation of local landscape.
Analysis on the Landscape Image of Stone-lion House in Gunlongba Village, Enshi City, Hubei Province
2015, 14(2): 47-51.
Abstract:
From the perspective of culture and history and based on both a large number of literatures and detailed field surveys of the Stone-lion House in Gunlongba village, Enshi City of Hubei Province built in Qing Dynasty, its landscape image was analyzed from its plane layout and construction details, including the walls, roofs, windows, hold-halls, stone carvings and the footsteps etc. The architecture style of Stone-lion House is a combination of traditional Huizhou architecture, Sichuan hold-hall style courtyard and Tujia nation's culture landscape architecture. The landscape image of Stone-lion House reflects the ethics of gods and humans living harmonically, the traditional feudal ethics as well as the integration of national and regional culture, which may provide a reference for the contemporary regional architecture design.
From the perspective of culture and history and based on both a large number of literatures and detailed field surveys of the Stone-lion House in Gunlongba village, Enshi City of Hubei Province built in Qing Dynasty, its landscape image was analyzed from its plane layout and construction details, including the walls, roofs, windows, hold-halls, stone carvings and the footsteps etc. The architecture style of Stone-lion House is a combination of traditional Huizhou architecture, Sichuan hold-hall style courtyard and Tujia nation's culture landscape architecture. The landscape image of Stone-lion House reflects the ethics of gods and humans living harmonically, the traditional feudal ethics as well as the integration of national and regional culture, which may provide a reference for the contemporary regional architecture design.
2015, 14(2): 52-55.
Abstract:
There is great value and potential in developing forest biomass energy in China. But at present our development of such energy is still at the preliminary stage and the method of classifying and assessing the total volume of the energy needs further modification and unification. Based on the definition of forest biomass energy and its main sources, this paper provides a classification of forest biomass energy and then analyzes the amount and availability of each constituent of the energy using the latest data of forest assessment of China as well as a bottom-up estimation method.
There is great value and potential in developing forest biomass energy in China. But at present our development of such energy is still at the preliminary stage and the method of classifying and assessing the total volume of the energy needs further modification and unification. Based on the definition of forest biomass energy and its main sources, this paper provides a classification of forest biomass energy and then analyzes the amount and availability of each constituent of the energy using the latest data of forest assessment of China as well as a bottom-up estimation method.
2015, 14(2): 56-61.
Abstract:
Following the issue of economic development, environmental issues are being gained more and more attentions in every country. Latin America as an area with richest resources, eagerness mind for the fast economic development and lack of sustainable development concept resulted in a deplorable ecological catastrophe in the modernization process. A large area of damaged forest, freshwater resource constraints, soil balance destruction, air pollution, solid waste accumulation and other environmental difficulties, caused a serious impediment to social and economic development and the production and life of people. In the late 20th century, the concept of people-oriented sustainable development was formed and spread broadly in the Latin America countries. Multi-channel protection of forest resources, refinement of urbanization, and globalization provided a positive opportunity to accord development between the socio-economic and ecological environment in the Latin America. Like most Latin American countries, China is a developing country, also facing a conflict between economic development and ecological environment protection in the development process, the lessons and experiences from Latin American countries should offer significant inspirations for coordinating the relationships between socio- economic development and ecological civilization in China.
Following the issue of economic development, environmental issues are being gained more and more attentions in every country. Latin America as an area with richest resources, eagerness mind for the fast economic development and lack of sustainable development concept resulted in a deplorable ecological catastrophe in the modernization process. A large area of damaged forest, freshwater resource constraints, soil balance destruction, air pollution, solid waste accumulation and other environmental difficulties, caused a serious impediment to social and economic development and the production and life of people. In the late 20th century, the concept of people-oriented sustainable development was formed and spread broadly in the Latin America countries. Multi-channel protection of forest resources, refinement of urbanization, and globalization provided a positive opportunity to accord development between the socio-economic and ecological environment in the Latin America. Like most Latin American countries, China is a developing country, also facing a conflict between economic development and ecological environment protection in the development process, the lessons and experiences from Latin American countries should offer significant inspirations for coordinating the relationships between socio- economic development and ecological civilization in China.
2015, 14(2): 62-67.
Abstract:
The Gains and Losses of the Chinese Cultural Connotation The Classic of Tea written by Lu Yu is an important classic of Chinese tea culture, and its translation is of great significance to the spreading of Chinese tea culture. This paper, from the perspective of culture translation of classics, examines the translation of traditional Chinese culture, such as the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, based on the English version of The Classic of Tea by Francis Ross Carpenter. The gains and losses of the translation of Chinese cultural connotation in Carpenter's English version are analyzed through specific examples. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference to the translation of Chinese tea classics and help translators to spread the Chinese culture more effectively in the process of Chinese ancient classics translation.
The Gains and Losses of the Chinese Cultural Connotation The Classic of Tea written by Lu Yu is an important classic of Chinese tea culture, and its translation is of great significance to the spreading of Chinese tea culture. This paper, from the perspective of culture translation of classics, examines the translation of traditional Chinese culture, such as the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, based on the English version of The Classic of Tea by Francis Ross Carpenter. The gains and losses of the translation of Chinese cultural connotation in Carpenter's English version are analyzed through specific examples. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference to the translation of Chinese tea classics and help translators to spread the Chinese culture more effectively in the process of Chinese ancient classics translation.
2015, 14(2): 68-75.
Abstract:
The environment where corporations survive becomes unpredictable and the competitive advantage of a corporate more and more relies on innovation. Cultivating innovative culture in a corporate is a vital measure in increasing innovation ability and performance. The contingency theory emphasizes that the survival and development of a firm should be in accordance with the trend, and firms should actively adjust products and technology or other productive elements and organizational structure to maintain competitive edge. In the perspective of the contingency theory, the internal mechanism of corporate innovative culture is dissected and the relationship between the innovative culture and product program innovativeness (PPI)as well as performance is analyzed. The results show that innovative value and norms indirectly, positively and significantly affect the PPI through the mediating effect of innovative cultural artifacts. Among the 3 layers of innovative culture, the innovative value positively affects innovative cultural artifacts through the mediating effect of innovative cultural norms. In addition, turbulences in marketing and technology have negative moderating effects on the relationship between innovative cultural artifacts and PPI. The results provide theoretical support and managerial suggestion for managers in terms of corporate cultural building.
The environment where corporations survive becomes unpredictable and the competitive advantage of a corporate more and more relies on innovation. Cultivating innovative culture in a corporate is a vital measure in increasing innovation ability and performance. The contingency theory emphasizes that the survival and development of a firm should be in accordance with the trend, and firms should actively adjust products and technology or other productive elements and organizational structure to maintain competitive edge. In the perspective of the contingency theory, the internal mechanism of corporate innovative culture is dissected and the relationship between the innovative culture and product program innovativeness (PPI)as well as performance is analyzed. The results show that innovative value and norms indirectly, positively and significantly affect the PPI through the mediating effect of innovative cultural artifacts. Among the 3 layers of innovative culture, the innovative value positively affects innovative cultural artifacts through the mediating effect of innovative cultural norms. In addition, turbulences in marketing and technology have negative moderating effects on the relationship between innovative cultural artifacts and PPI. The results provide theoretical support and managerial suggestion for managers in terms of corporate cultural building.
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