摘要: 目的为掌握金佛山方竹基础物性，探究其化学组分与物理力学性质随竹龄与轴向部位的变化规律，进而促进其秆材资源的合理高值化利用、�/sec> 方法本研究以1 ~ 5年生天然金佛山方竹为研究对象，依据相应国家标准测定其化学组分含量(本文指的是质量分�?与密度、干缩率、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量和硬度等物理力学性质，通过X射线衍射仪测定样品衍射曲线，进而计算其相对结晶度与微纤丝角度、�/sec> 结果金佛山方竹各化学组分含量随竹龄与轴向部位小幅度波动变化，且变化规律不显著。结晶度随竹龄增加先增大后逐渐减小�?年生最大，�?0.39%，并随轴向部位升高逐渐增大。微纤丝角度随竹龄增加与轴向部位升高均先减小后增大，2年生中部最小，�?.10°。基本密度为0.513 ~ 0.693 g/cm ³，全干密度为0.535 ~ 0.725 g/cm ³，气干密度为0.556 ~ 0.756 g/cm ³；各密度随竹龄增加与轴向部位升高均呈上升趋势�? ~ 2年间显著增大，随后平稳增加至趋于稳定。全干干缩率和气干干缩率随竹龄增加与轴向部位升高均呈下降趋势�? ~ 2年间显著下降，随后平稳下降，后者波动性相对较大。顺纹抗压强度为50.73 ~ 64.58 MPa，抗弯强度为114.09 ~ 134.26 MPa，弹性模量为8.45 ~ 12.42 GPa，三者均随竹龄增加均呈上升—下降—上升趋势，随轴向部位升高均呈上升趋势；内外侧硬度平均值为60.00 ~ 72.70 HD，其随竹龄增加与轴向部位升高均呈上升趋势。金佛山方竹的干缩率、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯弹性模量和硬度均受解剖构造与主要化学组分显著影响、�/sec> 结论金佛山方竹竹龄与竹秆轴向部位均影响其基础物性，但竹龄的影响更加显著�?年以上金佛山方竹秆材质基本成熟，可作为金佛山方竹的较佳砍伐竹龄。此外，物理力学性质与解剖构造和主要化学组分间存在一定的显著相关性、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 金佛山方竸�/a> /
• 基础物�?/a> /
• 竹龄/
• 竹秆轴向部位

Abstract: ObjectiveThis paper aims to further improve the high value-added utilization of culm resources of Chimonobambusa utilis, the chemical components, physical and mechanical properties were investigated, and the variation regularity with age and axial part of bamboo culm were also revealed. MethodIn this study, the natural plants of Chimonobambusa utiliswere used as raw materials to determine the chemical component (mass fraction in this article) content and physical and mechanical properties, such as density, dry shrinkage, compressive strength parallel to grain, modulus of rapture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and hardness according to the national standards. The crystallinity of cellulose and microfibril angle was calculated from the results of X-ray diffraction. ResultThe content of each chemical component of Chimonobambusa utilisvaried slightly with the age and axial part, and the variation pattern was not significant. The crystallinity increased with the age of bamboo and then decreased gradually, with a maximum of 50.39% at 2 years old, and increased gradually with the increase of axial part. The microfibril angle decreased and then increased with increasing age and axial part, and the smallest angle was 9.10° in the middle of 2 years old. The basic density ranged from 0.513 to 0.693 g/cm ³, the oven-dried density ranged from 0.535 to 0.725 g/cm ³, and the air-dried density ranged from 0.556 to 0.756 g/cm ³. All densities showed an increasing trend with increasing age and axial part, and increased significantly between 1 and 2 years, and then increased steadily to stabilize. The oven-dried and air-dried shrinking ratio showed a decreasing trend with the increasing age and axial part, and decreased significantly between 1�? years, and then decreased steadily, the latter fluctuating relatively more. The compressive strength parallel to grain ranged from 50.73 to 64.58 MPa, MOR ranged from 114.09 to 134.26 MPa, and MOE ranged from 8.45 to 12.42 GPa, all of which showed an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with increasing age, and an increasing trend with increasing axial part; the mean values of inner and outer hardness ranged from 60.00 to 72.70 HD, which showed an increasing trend with increasing age and axial part. The dry shrinkage, compressive strength parallel to grain, MOE and hardness of Chimonobambusa utiliswere significantly affected by anatomical index and major chemical components. ConclusionBoth bamboo age and axial part of culm affected the basic properties, but the effect of bamboo age was more significant. The culm material of Chimonobambusa utiliswas basically mature over 2 years old, which could be the optimized cutting age of Chimonobambusa utilis. In addition, there were some significant correlations between physical-mechanical properties and anatomical structure index.

Key words:
• Chimonobambusa utilis/
• basic physical property/
• bamboo age/
• axial part of bamboo culm

�?nbsp; 1不同竹龄（a）与竹秆轴向部位（b）的X射线衍射曲线

Figure 1.XRD profile of different bamboo ages (a) and axial parts of bamboo culm (b)

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 2不同竹龄（a）与竹秆轴向部位（b）的密度变化

Figure 2.Density variation of different bamboo ages (a) and axial parts of bamboo culm (b)

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 1不同竹龄与竹秆轴向部位的各化学组分含野�/p>

Table 1.Chemical composition content of different bamboo ages and axial parts of bamboo culm

竹龄/a Bamboo age/year	轴向部位 Axial part	综纤维素 Holocellulose/%	α-纤维� α-cellulose/%	戊聚� Pentosan/%	酸不溶木质素 Klason lignin/%	淀� Starch/%	灰分 Ash/%	冷水抽提�?br/> Cold water extract/%	热水抽提� Hot water extract/%	1%NaOH 抽提� 1% NaOH extract/%	苯醇抽提� Benzene alcohol extract/%
1	中部 Middle	70.51 ± 0.33a	47.72 ± 0.27a	21.93 ± 0.30a	25.71 ± 0.17b	2.28 ± 0.09c	1.99 ± 0.01a	4.89 ± 0.19a	6.66 ± 0.97a	24.61 ± 0.51b	3.64 ± 0.20c
2	中部 Middle	70.40 ± 0.04ab	45.01 ± 0.25c	19.79 ± 0.88a	26.50 ± 0.42a	2.63 ± 0.10b	1.36 ± 0.03c	4.10 ± 0.25bc	5.59 ± 0.23ab	26.45 ± 0.56a	3.62 ± 0.16c
3	中部 Middle	70.95 ± 0.49a	45.70 ± 0.68bc	21.18 ± 0.51a	26.00 ± 0.15ab	3.61 ± 0.15a	0.91 ± 0.02e	3.29 ± 0.46d	4.61 ± 0.66b	26.72 ± 0.30a	3.84 ± 0.19c
4	中部 Middle	70.64 ± 0.25a	47.84 ± 0.27a	22.01 ± 1.34a	26.19 ± 0.31ab	1.49 ± 0.06d	1.48 ± 0.06b	4.23 ± 0.13b	5.32 ± 0.10b	24.86 ± 0.59b	4.57 ± 0.32b
5	中部 Middle	69.15 ± 0.77b	46.58 ± 0.94b	21.76 ± 0.45a	25.72 ± 0.27b	0.46 ± 0.02e	1.27 ± 0.03d	3.60 ± 0.14cd	5.12 ± 0.21b	26.15 ± 0.71a	5.40 ± 0.13a
3	上部 Top	69.39 ± 1.07ab	48.65 ± 0.63a	21.21 ± 0.24a	26.23 ± 0.26b	2.94 ± 0.12b	0.92 ± 0.05b	2.02 ± 0.18b	4.24 ± 0.24a	24.07 ± 0.31c	2.88 ± 0.40a
3	中部 Middle	70.95 ± 0.49a	45.70 ± 0.68b	21.18 ± 0.51a	26.00 ± 0.15b	3.61 ± 0.15a	0.91 ± 0.02b	3.29 ± 0.46a	4.61 ± 0.66a	26.72 ± 0.30a	3.84 ± 0.19a
3	下部 Bottom	68.14 ± 1.15b	46.07 ± 0.50b	20.23 ± 0.22a	26.82 ± 0.35a	2.15 ± 0.08c	1.10 ± 0.05a	2.11 ± 0.41b	4.33 ± 0.35a	24.86 ± 0.20b	3.95 ± 0.86a
注：含量指的是质量百分数。不同小写字母表示不同竹龄与轴向部位间同种指标差异显著（P< 0.05）。下同。Notes: content refers to the percentage by mass. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the same index between different bamboo ages and axial positions (P<0.05). The same below.

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�?nbsp; 3不同竹龄与竹秆轴向部位的全干干缩率与气干干缩玆�/p>

Table 3.Oven-dried and air-dried shrinking ratios of different bamboo ages and axial parts of bamboo culm %

竹龄/a Bamboo age/year	轴向部位 Axial part	全干干缩� Oven-dried shrinking ratio					气干干缩� Air-dried shrinking ratio
		纵向 Axial	弦向 Tangential	径向 Radial	体积 Volume		纵向 Axial	弦向 Tangential	径向 Radial	体积 Volume
1	� Middle	0.328 ± 0.220a	6.567 ± 1.200a	6.901 ± 1.200a	13.298 ± 1.710a		0.417 ± 0.310a	3.983 ± 1.280a	3.160 ± 1.110a	7.401 ± 1.880a
2	� Middle	0.315 ± 0.150a	5.490 ± 0.850b	5.848 ± 1.190ab	11.225 ± 1.710b		0.276 ± 0.150a	2.736 ± 0.530b	2.091 ± 0.940b	5.031 ± 1.250b
3	� Middle	0.305 ± 0.270a	5.153 ± 0.890b	5.813 ± 1.140ab	11.193 ± 1.220b		0.344 ± 0.290a	2.881 ± 1.260b	2.635 ± 1.590ab	5.759 ± 2.290b
4	� Middle	0.289 ± 0.160a	5.153 ± 0.650b	5.798 ± 2.130ab	10.915 ± 1.930b		0.326 ± 0.390a	2.235 ± 0.830b	2.073 ± 1.390b	4.570 ± 1.790b
5	� Middle	0.281 ± 0.180a	5.450 ± 0.830b	5.477 ± 1.600b	10.876 ± 1.840b		0.359 ± 0.310a	2.853 ± 0.800b	2.866 ± 1.970ab	5.968 ± 2.460ab
3	� Top	0.357 ± 0.170ab	5.120 ± 0.660a	5.181 ± 1.720a	10.354 ± 1.840a		0.318 ± 0.110a	2.458 ± 0.840a	2.673 ± 1.140a	5.368 ± 1.250a
3	� Middle	0.305 ± 0.270b	5.153 ± 0.890a	5.813 ± 1.140a	11.193 ± 1.220a		0.344 ± 0.290a	2.881 ± 1.260a	2.635 ± 1.590a	5.759 ± 2.290a
3	� Bottom	0.499 ± 0.240a	5.162 ± 0.750a	5.286 ± 0.990a	10.625 ± 1.060a		0.419 ± 0.300a	2.883 ± 0.840a	2.668 ± 1.020a	5.871 ± 1.220a

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�?nbsp; 2不同竹龄与竹秆轴向部位的结晶度和微纤丝角�?/p>

Table 2.Crystallinity and microfiber angle of different bamboo ages and axial parts of bamboo culm

竹龄/a Bamboo age/year	轴向部位 Axial part	结晶�?br/>Crystallinity/%	微纤丝角�?br/>Microfibril angle/(°)
1	中部 Middle	46.88	10.66
2	中部 Middle	50.39	9.10
3	中部 Middle	47.23	10.61
4	中部 Middle	44.54	10.38
5	中部 Middle	42.73	10.55
3	上部 Top	49.24	11.24
3	中部 Middle	47.23	10.61
3	下部 Bottom	47.06	11.14

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�?nbsp; 4不同竹龄与竹秆轴向部位的各力学性质

Table 4.Mechanical properties of different bamboo ages and axial parts of bamboo culm

竹龄/a Bamboo age/year	轴向部位 Axial part	顺纹抗压强度 Compression strength/MPa	抗弯强度 Modulus of rapture/MPa	弹性模� Modulus of elasticity (MOE)/GPa	硬度 Hardness/HD
					外侧 Outside	内侧 Inside	平均� Mean
1	� Middle	55.09 ± 6.30bc	114.09 ± 13.25a	11.86 ± 1.49a	77.80 ± 1.43b	42.20 ± 1.17d	60.00 ± 1.12c
2	� Middle	61.35 ± 5.07ab	129.73 ± 9.55a	12.15 ± 1.88a	82.60 ± 1.70a	47.13 ± 1.50c	64.87 ± 1.39b
3	� Middle	58.52 ± 6.22ab	123.20 ± 15.55a	12.00 ± 1.59b	80.47 ± 3.03a	52.33 ± 4.02b	66.40 ± 2.73b
4	� Middle	50.73 ± 4.64c	117.29 ± 11.37a	11.05 ± 0.65c	82.33 ± 1.78a	52.87 ± 3.39b	67.60 ± 2.18b
5	� Middle	64.58 ± 10.83a	122.97 ± 26.05a	12.42 ± 1.33c	81.87 ± 2.13a	63.53 ± 4.40a	72.70 ± 3.04a
3	� Top	59.32 ± 2.78a	134.26 ± 8.26a	12.08 ± 0.48a	75.40 ± 2.49b	68.40 ± 3.17a	71.90 ± 2.44a
3	� Middle	58.52 ± 6.22a	123.20 ± 15.55a	12.00 ± 1.59a	80.47 ± 3.03a	52.33 ± 4.02b	66.40 ± 2.73b
3	� Bottom	51.61 ± 5.84b	97.87 ± 18.26b	8.45 ± 1.38b	80.67 ± 2.98a	50.80 ± 1.71b	65.73 ± 1.50b

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�?nbsp; 5物理力学性质与解剖构造各指标间的相关系数

Table 5.Correlation coefficients between physical-mechanical properties and anatomical structure indicators

指标 Index		密度 Density				体积干缩� Shrinking ratio		顺纹抗压强度 Compression strength	抗弯强度 MOR	MOE	硬度 Hardness
		基本 Basic	气干 Air-dried	全干 Oven-dried		气干 Air-dried	全干 Oven-dried
组织比量 Tissue percentage	基本组织 Basic tissue	�?.540	�?.623	�?.608		0.826	0.767	0.311	�?.209	0.512	�?.442
	纤维组织 Fiber tissue	0.740	0.791	0.775		�?.938*	�?.905*	�?.120	0.403	�?.378	0.595
	输导组织 Conducting tissue	0.174	0.291	0.279		�?.538	�?.453	�?.528	�?.094	�?.616	0.159
维管杞�br/> Vascular bundle	密度 Density	0.485	0.565	0.536		�?.907*	�?.730	�?.275	0.405	�?.475	0.277
	径向宽度 Radial width	0.155	�?.012	0.030		0.465	�?.037	0.768	0.096	0.780	0.514
	弦向宽度 Tangential width	0.259	0.063	0.095		0.256	�?.235	0.942*	0.446	0.907*	0.574
纤维细胞 Fiber cell	长度 Length	�?.542	�?.405	�?.414		0.118	0.302	�?.730	�?.526	�?.592	�?.492
	宽度 Width	�?.747	�?.675	�?.707		0.279	0.701	�?.400	�?.133	�?.210	�?.961**
	腔径 Lumen diameter	�?.653	�?.645	�?.627		0.880*	0.913*	�?.158	�?.681	0.078	�?.567
	双壁厙�br/> Double wall thickness	0.142	0.336	0.305		�?.532	�?.069	�?.876	�?.343	�?.957*	�?.247
	腔径毓�br/> Lumen-width ratio	�?.392	�?.537	�?.505		0.843	0.517	0.604	�?.084	0.774	�?.079
	壁腔毓�br/> Thickness-lumen ratio	0.339	0.507	0.474		�?.764	�?.358	�?.722	�?.071	�?.872	�?.042
薄壁细胞 Parenchyma cell	长度 Length	�?.607	�?.611	�?.622		0.180	0.173	�?.046	0.138	0.105	�?.415
	宽度 Width	�?.605	�?.606	�?.603		0.327	0.213	�?.082	�?.091	0.086	�?.306
	腔径 Lumen diameter	�?.659	�?.652	�?.651		0.345	0.271	�?.123	�?.108	0.059	�?.385
	双壁厙�br/> Double wall thickness	�?.226	�?.269	�?.251		0.181	�?.138	0.153	0.018	0.224	0.168
	腔径毓�br/> Lumen-width ratio	�?.860	�?.790	�?.817		0.343	0.685	�?.415	�?.170	�?.192	�?.954*
	壁腔毓�br/> Thickness-lumen ratio	0.849	0.785	0.813		�?.329	�?.670	0.380	0.124	0.161	0.947*
结晶� Crystallinity		�?.468	�?.474	�?.511		�?.054	0.245	0.029	0.473	0.119	�?.647
微纤丝角� Microfibril angle		�?.224	�?.187	�?.151		0.499	0.254	�?.271	�?.757	�?.161	0.098
综纤维素 Holocellulose		�?.524	�?.390	�?.422		�?.120	0.242	�?.672	�?.168	�?.567	�?.657
α-纤维� α-cellulose		�?.102	0.030	0.046		0.283	0.401	�?.684	�?.944*	�?.623	�?.150
酸不溶木质素 Klason lignin		0.303	0.346	0.302		�?.779	�?.441	�?.098	0.628	�?.250	�?.068
多戊� Pentosan		�?.032	0.051	0.082		0.348	0.235	�?.458	�?.882*	�?.405	0.121
注：*表示�?i>P< 0.05水平上显著相关，**表示�?i>P< 0.01水平上显著相关。Notes: * means significant correlation at the level ofP< 0.05, and ** means significant correlation at the level ofP< 0.01.

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