摘要: 目的干扰和氮沉降是影响植物入侵的重要环境要素。目前，干扰和氮沉降如何协同影响空心莲子草入侵湿地植物群落的研究相对缺乏。本研究探讨了干扰、氮沉降和湿地植物群落对空心莲子草入侵的短期影响，为入侵植物空心莲子草的物理控制及湿地植被的恢复与重建提供了一定的理论支撑和实践基础、�/sec> 方法以入侵植物空心莲子草为主要研究对象，构建4种湿地植物粉绿狐尾藻、水葱、黄花鸢尾和千屈菜组成的湿地植物群落，设计干扰（无干扰、模拟采食、刈割）、氮沉降（无氮添加和氮添加）以及有无湿地植物群落竞争（仅空心莲子草单种模式和空心莲子草与湿地植物群落混种模式）的三因素控制试验、�/sec> 结果模拟采食和刈割两种干扰显著降低了空心莲子草的生长繁殖指标，且刈割相较于模拟采食影响更大。刈割处理下空心莲子草生物量、茎长和节数的相对生长率为负值，同时，刈割处理下空心莲子草生物量、茎长和分枝数的补偿系数均显著小于模拟采食处理，但存在欠补偿生长；湿地植物群落显著影响了空心莲子草根、叶、总生物量、叶片数、茎长和分枝数等指标；而氮沉降仅显著影响了空心莲子草分枝数补偿系数。除叶片数和分枝补偿系数，干扰与氮沉降对空心莲子草入侵的湿地植物群落并没有显著的交互作用、�/sec> 结论模拟采食和刈割两种干扰一定程度上抑制空心莲子草的入侵，且随着干扰强度增加，对空心莲子草生长恢复抑制效应越强。氮沉降对空心莲子草综合指标影响不显著。本地湿地植物群落一定程度上可抑制空心莲子草入侵。而干扰与氮沉降的交互作用仅对空心莲子草叶片数和分枝数补偿系数有显著影响，对其入侵的湿地植物群落并无显著作用、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 空心莲子荈�/a> /
• 补偿/
• 模拟采食/
• 刈割/
• 相对生长玆�/a>

Abstract: ObjectiveDisturbance and nitrogen deposition are important environmental factors influencing plant invasion. At present, studies on the synergistic effects of disturbance and nitrogen deposition on plant communities in wetland invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroidesare relatively lacking. This study was to explore the short-term effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and wetland plant communities on A. philoxeroidesinvasion, which established a strong theoretical support and practical foundation for the physical control of A. philoxeroidesand the restoration and reconstruction of wetland vegetation. MethodIn this study, invasive plant A. philoxeroidesand four wetland plant communities, including Myriophyllum aquaticum, Scirpus validus, Iris wilsoniiand Lythrum salicariawere selected as the subjects. And three-factor control experiments were designed for invasive plant disturbance (no disturbance, simulated herbivory, mowing), nitrogen deposition (no nitrogen addition and with nitrogen addition), and native plant competition or not (only A. philoxeroidesmodes, and A. philoxeroidesand wetland plant communities composed by 4 plant species). ResultSimulated herbivory and mowing had significantly reduced the growth and reproduction traits, including the relative growth rate basing on biomass, plant height and node number of A. philoxeroides. And mowing had a greater impact than simulated herbivory. The growth rate of biomass, stem length and internode numbers of A. philoxeroideswas negative under mowing, the compensation index of biomass, stem length and ramet numbers of A. philoxeroideswas significantly lower than those of simulated herbivory treatment, but there was insufficient compensation. Furthermore, the wetland plant community significantly reduced the indexes including root, leaf, total biomass, leaf number, stem length and branch number of A. philoxeroides. However, nitrogen deposition only significantly affected the compensation coefficient of A. philoxeroidesbranching. Except for leaf number and branching compensation coefficient, there was no significant interaction between disturbance and nitrogen deposition on plant communities in the wetland invaded by A. philoxeroides. ConclusionSimulated herbivory and mowing were not conducive to the invasion of A. philoxeroidesto a certain extent, and had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and recovery of A. philoxeroideswith the increase of interference intensity. Nitrogen deposition did not significantly affect the composite indicator of A. philoxeroides. The local wetland plant community can inhibit the invasion of A. philoxeroidesto a certain extent. Combined of the disturbance and nitrogen deposition only had a significant effect on the compensation coefficient of number of leaves and number of ramets, but had no significant effect on the wetland plant community invaded by A. philoxeroides.

Key words:
• Alternanthera philoxeroides/
• compensation/
• simulated herbivory/
• mowing/
• relative growth rate

�?nbsp; 1试验设计国�/p>

对照为无氮沉降，为喷施同量的去离子水。The control is no nitrogen deposition, and the same amount of deionized water is sprayed.

Figure 1.Experimental design drawing

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�?nbsp; 2干扰、氮沉降及湿地植物群落对空心莲子草生物量指标的影哌�/p>

对照为空心莲子草单种模式，群落为空心莲子草与湿地植物群落混种模式。大写字母A表示有无氮沉降差异显著，不同小写字母abc表示干扰差异显著，不同小写字母xy表示有无湿地植物群落差异显著。下同。The control is a single species model ofA. philoxeroides, and the community is a mixed species model ofA. philoxeroidesand wetland plant communities. The capital letter A indicates whether there is significant difference in nitrogen deposition, different lowercase letters abc indicate significant difference in disturbance, and different lowercase letters xy indicate whether there is significant difference in wetland plant community. The same below.

Figure 2.Effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and plant community on the biomass index ofA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 3干扰、氮沉降及湿地植物群落对空心莲子草其他生长指标的影响

Figure 3.Effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and wetland plant community on other growth indexes ofA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 4干扰、氮沉降和湿地植物群落对空心莲子草生长指标相对生长率的影哌�/p>

Figure 4.Effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and wetland plant community on the RGR ofA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 5干扰、氮沉降和湿地植物群落对空心莲子草补偿系数的影响

*表明t-检验结果显示与1.0之间无显著差异，即为等量补偿。对照为空心莲子草单种模式，群落为空心莲子草与湿地植物群落混种模式�? indicates that there is no significant difference between the t-test result and 1.0, which is equal compensation. The control is a single species model ofA. philoxeroides, and the community is a mixed species model ofA. philoxeroidesand wetland plant community.

Figure 5.Effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and plant community on the CI ofA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 6干扰和氮沉降对被空心莲子草入侵的湿地植物群落的整体生长指标的影响

不同大写字母表示有无干扰显著差异，不同小写字母表示有无氮沉降显著差异。Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference in disturbance, while different lowercase indicate significant difference in nitrogen deposition.

Figure 6.Effects of disturbance and nitrogen deposition on the overall growth of wetland plant communities invaded byA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 7干扰、氮沉降及湿地植物群落对空心莲子草所有生长指标的影响

实线表示促进作用，虚线表示抑制作用�?**表示P< 0.05�?*表示P< 0.01。数值表示三个处理对生长指标的综合影响。gof是一种模型整体拟合度指标，反映模型拟合数据的程度。拟合优度的取值范围为0?1。N为氮沉降，D为干扰，C为群落，SH为模拟采食，M为刈割，K为空心莲子草的所有生长指标，R为根生物量，S茎生物量，L为叶生物量，T为总生物量，NL为叶片数，IL为节间长，NI为节数，SL为茎长，NR为分枝。The solid line indicates the promoting effect, the dashed line indicates the inhibitory effect. *** indicatesP< 0.05, ** indicatesP< 0.01. The numerical indicates the comprehensive impact of three treatments on growth indicators. Gof is an indicator of the overall fit of a model, reflecting the degree to which the model fits the data. The value range of Goodness of fit is 0?1. N is nitrogen deposition, D is disturbance, C is community, SH is simulated herbivory, M is mowing, K is the total growth indexes ofA. philoxeroides, R is root biomass, S is stem biomass, L is leaf biomass, T is total biomass, NL is the number of leaves, IL is internode length, NI is number of internodes, SL is stem length, NR is the number of ramets.

Figure 7.Effect of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and wetland plant community on the total growth indexes ofA. philoxeroides

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�?nbsp; 1干扰、氮沉降及群落对空心莲子草生长的影响

Table 1.Effects of disturbance, nitrogen deposition and wetland plant community on growth traits ofA. philoxeroides

指标Index	二级指标 Secondary index	干扰 Disturbance (D)	氮沉� Nitrogen deposition (N)	群落 Community (C)	D×N	D×C	N×C	D×N×C
生物� Biomass	根生物量 Root biomass	25.497***	0.885	12.881**	0.449	1.174	0.020	0.697
	茎生物量 Stem biomass	68.514***	0.289	3.952	0.236	2.701	0.191	0.123
	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	52.331***	0.395	18.869***	0.265	7.982**	0.001	0.123
	总生物量 Total biomass	66.938***	0.423	9.733**	0.231	4.457*	0.064	0.138
生长指标 Growth index	叶片� Number of leaf	131.223***	0.734	19.582***	3.465**	9.794***	1.465	0.459
	节间� Internode length	6.862**	3.129	3.419	0.882	0.482	0.069	0.190
	节数 Number of internode	148.776***	0.170	0.503	1.121	0.090	0.369	0.207
	茎长 Stem length	357.447***	1.922	18.329***	0.221	0.454	1.566	0.995
	分枝� Number of ramet	71.112***	0.137	7.802**	2.438	7.271**	0.137	0.157
相对生长� Relative growth rate (RGR)	生物量相对生长率 Biomass RGR	568.727***	2.684	23.474***	0.312	0.682	0.669	0.669
	叶片数相对生长率 RGR of leaf number	223.261***	0.482	21.877***	2.608	5.247**	1.692	1.692
	茎长相对生长� RGR of stem length	568.727***	2.684	23.474***	0.312	0.682	0.669	0.669
	节数相对生长� RGR of internode number	184.376***	0.054	0.676	0.876	0.138	0.200	0.200
补偿系数Compensation index (CI)	生物量补偿系�?sup>aBiomass CIa	58.763***	1.717	4.981*	0.198	0.004	0.663	0.264
	茎长补偿系数 CI of stem length	257.899***	0.495	0.006	0.017	0.334	0.019	0.722
	分枝数补偿系� CI of ramet number	101.221***	7.746*	22.956***	7.474*	8.822**	2.278	0.315
注：数字显示的是F值，标粗表示具有显著性、�sup>*表示P< 0.05＋�sup>**表示P< 0.01＋�sup>***表示P< 0.001。a表示数据经过取对数数据转换。下同。Notes: the number shows theFvalue, and the bold mark indicates significant.*meansP< 0.05,**meansP< 0.01,***meansP< 0.001. a means data has been converted from logarithmic data. The same below.

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�?nbsp; 2干扰和氮沉降对湿地植物群落生物量的影哌�/p>

Table 2.Effects of disturbance and nitrogen deposition on the biomass of wetland plant communities

项目 Item	生物� Biomass	D	N	D×N
整体群落 Whole community	总生物量 Total biomass	0.047	0.174	0.381
	地上生物� Aboveground biomass	0.104	0.001	0.277
	地下生物� Underground biomass	0.435	0.490	0.304
粉绿狐尾�Myriophyllum aquaticum	总生物量 Total biomass	0.086	0.885	0.050
	地上生物� Aboveground biomass	0.050	0.548	0.015
	地下生物� Underground biomass	0.826	1.815	0.276
黄花鸢尾Iris wilsonii	总生物量 Total biomass	0.352	0.885	0.050
	地上生物� Aboveground biomass	0.613	0.645	0.148
	地下生物� Underground biomass	0.454	1.068	0.268
千屈�Lythrum salicaria	总生物量 Total biomass	0.473	0.477	0.520
	地上生物� Aboveground biomass	0.582	0.914	0.448
	地下生物� Underground biomass	0.285	0.074	0.527
水葱Scirpus validus	总生物量 Total biomass	0.607	0.158	0.332
	地上生物� Aboveground biomass	0.224	1.954	1.419
	地下生物� Underground biomass	0.564	0.001	0.133
注：数字显示得是F值。Note: the digital display is theFvalue.

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