摘要: 目的长柄扁桃是陕北沙区重要生态树种和经济树种，在区域经济和生态建设中发挥着重要作用。近年来受到多种害虫侵扰，受害面积不断增加且日益严重。为此进行了该研究，以明确陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及害虫危害情况，为今后长柄扁桃害虫监测和科学防控提供基础资料、�/sec> 方法�?017�?月至2020�?0月，采用人工采集法和黑光灯诱法对陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫进行采集，对采集到的标本进行了鉴定、整理和区系分析；随后采用标准地调查法对害虫的危害程度做了系统的调查、�/sec> 结果共计调查到陕北沙区长柄扁桃害�?5种，隶属3个目19科，鞘翅目害虫种类为15种，占害虫种类的42.86%；半翅目害虫种类�?1种，占害虫种类的31.43%；鳞翅目害虫种类�?种，占害虫总数�?5.71%。区系分析表明，长柄扁桃的鞘翅目害虫古北种最多，�?3.33%，鳞翅目害虫和半翅目害虫广布种最多，分别�?8.89%� 81.82%。危害程度研究表明，危害严重的害虫有5种，危害中度的害虫有8种，危害轻的害虫�?2种、�/sec> 结论陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫主要分布在鞘翅目和半翅目，鞘翅目害虫以古北种为主，半翅目和鳞翅目害虫以广布种为主。长柄扁桃害虫的优势种为华北大黑鳃金龟、苹毛丽金龟、阿拉善舌喙象、李小食心虫和桃蚜、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 长柄扁桃/
• 陕北沙区/
• 害虫种类/
• 危害情况

Abstract: Objective Amygdalus pedunculatusis an important ecological and economic tree species in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China, which plays an important role in regional economy and ecological construction. In recent years, they have been disturbed by a variety of pests, and the damaged area is increasing and becoming more and more serious. In this study, the species and harm of pests on A. pedunculatusin the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province were clarified, so as to provide basic data for the monitoring and scientific prevention and control of watermelon pests. MethodFrom March 2017 to October 2020, pests on A. pedunculatuswere collected by manual collection and black light trap in the sandy area of Northern Shaanxi Province, and the collected pests specimen were identified, sorted and floristicly analyzed. Then, the damage degree of pests was systematically investigated by standard field investigation method. ResultThere were 35 species of pests recorded belonging to 3 orders and 19 families in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province, among which, 15 species belong to Coleoptera, accounting for 42.86%; 11 species belong to Hemiptera, accounting for 31.43%; and 9 species belong to Lepidoptera, accounting for 25.71%. The faunas analysis showed that The Palaearctic species of Coleoptera pests on A. pedunculatawere the most, accounting for 73.33%, and the widespread species of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera pests were the most, accounting for 88.89% and 81.82%, respectively. The analysis of pest damage degree showed that there were 5 kinds of serious pests, 8 kinds of moderate pests and 22 kinds of light pests on A. pedunculata. ConclusionColeoptera and Hemiptera are the main pests on A. pedunculatain the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province. Among them, Coleoptera pests are mainly Palaearctic species, while Hemiptera and Lepidoptera pests are mainly widespread species. The main pests on A. pedunculataare Proagopertha lucidula, Diglossotrox alashanicus, Grapholitha funebranaand Myzus persicae.

Key words:
• Amygdalus pedunculatus/
• sandy area in northern Shaanxi Province/
• pest species/
• hazard situation

�?nbsp; 1陕北沙区危害长柄扁桃害虫组成

Figure 1.Composition of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatain the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 1长柄扁桃害虫调查样地情况

Table 1.Basic situation ofinvestigated sample plots of pests onAmygdaluspedunculatus

序号 No.	样地所在地炸�br/>Location of sample plot	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	林地类型 Forest land type
1	榆阳区孟家湾� Mengjiawan Township, Yuyang District	38°35�?8″N	109°39�?1″E	天然� Natural forest
2	神木市锦界镇 Jinjie Town, Shenmu City	38°45�?8″N	110°11�?4″E	天然� Natural forest
3	长柄扁桃国家工程技术中心基�?br/>Base of the National Engineering and Technology Center for Amygdalus pedunculata	38°18�?0″N	109°41�?5″E	人工� Plantation

下载: 导出CSV

�?nbsp; 2长柄扁桃害虫危害程度划分标准

Table 2.Division standard of damage degree of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatus

危害等级 Damage degree	划分标准 Standard of division	表示符号 Symbol of representation
⅟�/td>	表示发生数量少，或发生量大，但危害轻 Pest population is small, or the pest population is large but the harm is light 失叶面积 � 25%，或枝梢被害� � 15%，或被害株率（干或根� � 8%，或花和果实被害� � 15% Leaf loss area � 25%, or shoot damage rate � 15%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) � 8%, or flower and fruit damage rate � 15%	+
Ⅰ�/td>	表示发生数量大，但危害较� Pest population is large, but the damage is relatively light 25% < 失叶面积 � 55%，或15% < 枝梢被害� � 35%，或10% < 被害株率（干或根� � 20%＋�br/>�?5% < 花和果实被害� � 25% 25% < leaf loss area � 55%, or 15% < shoot damage rate � 35%, or 10% < plant damage rate (stem or root) � 20%, or 15% < flower and fruit damage rate � 25%	++
Ⅱ�/td>	表示发生数量大，危害严重 Pest population is large, and the damage is serious 失叶面积 > 55%，或枝梢被害� > 35%，或被害株率（干或根� > 20%，或花和果实被害� > 25% Leaf loss area > 55%, or shoot damage rate > 35%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) > 20%, or flower and fruit damage rate > 25%	+++

下载: 导出CSV

�?nbsp; 3陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及危害程�?/p>

Table 3.Pest species and damage degree onAmygdalus Pedunculatusin the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province

� Oder	� Family	� Species	危害部位 Damage part	危害程度 Damage degree
鞘翅� Coleoptera	鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae	华北大黑鳃金�Hloltrichia oblita	� Root	+++
		暗黑鳃金�H.parallela	� Root	++
		小黑齿爪鳃金�H.picea	� Root	+
		棕色鳃金�H.titanis	� Root	+
		黑绒金龟Maladera orientalis	� Root	++
		二色希鳃金龟Hilyotrogus bicoloreus	� Root	++
	丽金龟科 Rutelidae	四纹丽金�Popillia quadriguttata	根、叶 Root and leaf	+
		苹毛丽金�Proagopertha lucidula	根、花 Root and flower	+++
		铜绿异丽金龟Anomala corpulenta	根、叶 Root and leaf	++
	芫菁� Meloidae	绿芫�Lytta caraganae	� Leaf	+
		苹斑芫菁Meloecalidasp.	� Flower	+
	象甲� Curculionidae	阿拉善舌喙象Diglossotrox alashanicus	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+++
		桃长鼻象Rhynchitessp.	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
	叶甲� Chrysomelidae	蓝叶�Chrysolinasp.	� Flower	+
	天牛� Cerambycidae	桃红颈天�Aromia bungii	� Trunk	+
鳞翅� Lepidopter	螟蛾� Pyralidae	桃蛀�Dichocrocis punctiferalis	果实 Fruit	+
		草地�Loxostege sticticalis	� Leaf	+
	天蛾� Sphingidae	桃天�Maurmba gaschkewitschii	� Leaf	+
	夜蛾� Noctuidae	小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon	� Root	+
	蛀果蛾� Tortricidae	桃小食心�Carposinasa sakii	果实 Fruit	++
	卷蛾� Carposinadae	李小食心�Grapholithafunebrana	果实 Fruit	+++
	刺蛾� Limacodidae	褐边绿刺�Parasa consocia	� Leaf	+
		黄刺�Monema flavescens	� Leaf	++
	祝蛾� Lecithoceridae	梅祝�Scythropiodessp.	� Leaf	++
半翅� Hemiptera	蚜科 Aphididae	桃蚜Myzus persicae	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+++
		桃粉�Hyalopterus amygdali	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
		桃瘤�Phylloxera notabilis	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
	叶蝉� Cicadeiiidae	大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
		桃小绿叶�Empoasca flavscens	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
		桃小叶蝉Erythroneura sudra	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
	盲蝽� Miridae	绿盲�Apolygus lucorum	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
	蝽科 Pentatomidae	茶翅�Halyomorpha halys	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
		斑须�Dolycoris baccarum	叶、枝� Leaf and shoot	+
	盾蚧� Diaspididae	桑白�Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	枝、干 Branch and trunk	++
	粉蚧� Pseudococcidae	康氏粉蚧Pseudococcus comstocki	枝、干 Branch and trunk	+

下载: 导出CSV

�?nbsp; 4不同区系长柄扁桃害虫种类

Table 4.Species of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatain different faunas

�?br/>Order	科数 Family number	古北秌�br/>Palaearctic species			东洋秌�br/>Oriental species			广布秌�br/>Widespread species			合计 Total
		数量 Number	比例 Percentage/%		数量 Number	比例 Percentage/%		数量 Number	比例 Percentage/%		数量 Number	比例 Percentage/%
鞘翅� Coleoptera	6	11	73.33		–�/td>	–�/td>		4	26.67		15	100
鳞翅� Lepidopter	7	1	11.11		–�/td>	–�/td>		8	88.89		9	100
半翅� Hemiptera	6	2	18.18		–�/td>	–�/td>		9	81.82		11	100
合计 Total	19	14	40.00		–�/td>	–�/td>		21	60.00		35	100
注：“—”表明经调查、鉴定无此类昆虫。Notes: “—� shows that there is no such insect after investigation and identification.

下载: 导出CSV

[2]郭春�? 罗梦, 马玉�? �? 沙地濒危植物长柄扁桃特性研究进展[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学�?, 2005, 33(12): 125�?29.

Guo C H, Luo M, Ma Y H, et al. Advances of characteristic researeh of threatened long carpopodium almond[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Nature Science Edition), 2005, 33(12): 125�?29. [3]褚建�? 李毅�? 张雷, �? 濒危物种长柄扁桃的潜在分布与保护策略[J]. 生物多样�? 2017, 25(8): 799�?06. doi:10.17520/biods.2015218

Chu J M, Li Y F, Zhang L, et al. Potential distribution range and conservation strategies for the endangered species Amygdalus pedunculata[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2017, 25(8): 799�?06. doi:10.17520/biods.2015218 [4]王伟, 许新�? 张应�? �? 长柄扁桃[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版�? 2018: 12�?8.

Wang W, Xu X Q, Zhang Y L, et al. Amygdalus pedunculata[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2018: 12�?8. [5]李荣, 史社�? 曹双�? �? 优良固沙与油料灌木长柄扁桃在毛乌素沙地治沙中的应用[J]. 陕西林业科技, 2015(1): 68�?1. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2015.01.019

Li R, Shi S Q, Cao S C, et al. Use Prunes pedunculatafor sand control and oil production[J]. Shaanxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2015(1): 68�?1. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2015.01.019 [6]杜宣�? 杨帆, 娄丽�? �? 长柄扁桃油的开发与研究进展[J]. 粮食与食品工�? 2012, 19(6): 46�?9. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5026.2012.06.018

Du X L, Yang F, Lou L J, et al. Development and research advance of Amygdalus pedunculatusPall. seed oil[J]. Cereal & Food Industry, 2012, 19(6): 46�?9. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5026.2012.06.018 [7]王娅�? 李永�? 王钰, �? 3种扁桃属植物营养成分分析[J]. 广东农业科学, 2012, 39(7): 127�?29.

Wang Y L, Liu Y H, Wang Y, et al. Analysis of nutritional components of three kinds of Amygdalusplant[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Science, 2012, 39(7): 127�?29. [8]候国�? 李聪, 陈邦, �? 不同产地长柄扁桃种仁成分分析[J]. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(9): 1843�?848.

Hou G F, Li C, Chen B, et al. Composition analysis of Amydalus pedunculataPall. seed from different regions[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2014, 34(9): 1843�?848. [9]许新�? 王伟, 褚建�? 毛乌素沙地长柄扁�?1个优良单株坚果核仁脂肪酸组成变异分析[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(7): 142�?47.

Xu X Q, Wang W, Chu J M. Variation analysis on kernel oil content and its fatty acid composition in 31 superior Amygdalus pedunculataindividuals from Mu Us Desert[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(7): 142�?47. [10]藏小�? 陈邦, 李聪, �? 长柄扁桃种仁蛋白粉的提取方法研究[J]. 西北大学学报(自然科学�?, 2012, 42(6): 940�?44.

Zang X M, Chen B, Li C, et al. The method of extracting protein from Amygdalus pedunculatusseeds[J]. Journal of Northwest Univrsty (Nature Science Edition), 2012, 42(6): 940�?44. [11]郜超, 马志�? 刘东�? �? 榆林沙地长柄扁桃天然林资源调查与分析[J]. 陕西林业科技, 2018, 46(2): 28�?0. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2018.02.007

Gao C, Ma Z L, Liu D L, et al. Natural resources investigation and analysis of Amygdalus pedunculatain Yulin[J]. Shaanxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2018, 46(2): 28�?0. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2018.02.007 [12]阎雄�? 杨涛, 王亚�? �? 阿拉善舌喙象成虫在长柄扁桃上的空间分布型及抽样技术[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学�?, 2021, 49(1): 75�?8.

Yan X F, Yang T, Wang Y W, et al. Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique of Diglossotrox alashanicusadults on the endangered plant Amygdalus pcdunculata[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Nature Science Edition), 2021, 49(1): 75�?8. [13]骆有�? 宗世�? 三北地区灌木林重大害虫与治理对策[J]. 昆虫知识, 2008, 45(4): 509�?12.

Luo Y X, Zong S X. Major pests in shrubbery in Three-North Region of China and the management strategy[J]. Insect Knowledge, 2008, 45(4): 509�?12. [14]李刚, 阎雄�? 刘永�? �? 毛乌素沙地东南缘林木钻蛀性害虫名录[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(14): 75�?8. doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100132

Li G, Yan X F, Liu Y H, et al. List of tree woodborers in southeastern edge of Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2016, 32(14): 75�?8. doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100132 [15]李俊�? 潘斌, 格日�? �? 濒危植物柄扁桃的传粉者及其访花行为[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(7): 1370�?374.

Li J L, Pan B, Gerile, et al. Pollination insects and their flower-visiting behaviors on endangered plant Amygdalus pedunculata[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(7): 1370�?374. [16]曹志�? 毕宇, 毕广�? �? 黑龙江省西部长柄扁桃引种适应性和抗性研究[J]. 防护林科技, 2020(12): 53�?5.

Cao Z W, Bi Y, Bi G Y, et al. Adaptability and resistance of Amygdalus Pedunculatain western Heilongjiang Province[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2020(12): 53�?5. [17]高翠�? 王美�? 王焱, �? 上海地区林地蝽类昆虫种类调查[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学�?, 2019, 43(1): 167�?74.

Gao C Q, Wang M N, Wang Y, et al. Investigation of forest true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Shanghai area[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Nature Science Edition), 2019, 43(1): 167�?74. [18]方丽�? 陈尚�? 广西森林主要趋光害虫及趋光蛾类新分布记录[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学�?, 2010, 34(2): 55�?8.

Fang L Y, Chen S W. The mostly phototactic forest insect pest and the phototactic moths first recorded in Guangxi[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Nature Science Edition), 2010, 34(2): 55�?8. [19]阎雄�? 李刚, 刘永�? �? 榆林地区绿豆害虫种类调查研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(1): 124�?28. doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120009

Yan X F, Li G, Liu Y H, et al. Species of pests on mungbean in Yulin Region: an investigation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 34(1): 124�?28. doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120009 [20]张伟, 杜尚�? 史丹�? �? 海南省降香黄檀害虫种类、分布及危害症状调查[J]. 生物安全学报, 2016, 25(1): 70�?2.

Zhang W, Du S J, Shi D N, et al. Investigation on pest species, distribution and damage symptom of Dalbergia odoriferain Hainan Province[J]. Journal of Biosafety, 2016, 25(1): 70�?2. [21]阎伟, 宗世�? 骆有�? �? 逐步回归模型在油蒿钻蛀性害虫预测中的应用[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(3): 140�?44.

Yan W, Zong S X, Luo Y Q, et al. Application of stepwise regression model in predicting the movement of Artemisia ordosicaboring insects[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(3): 140�?44. [22]刘广�? 章有�? 王瑞. 中国北方常见金龟子彩色图鉴[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版�? 1997: 10?93.

Liu G R, Zhang Y W, Wang R. The colour illustrated of common lamellicornia beetles of northern China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1997: 10�?3. [23]张巍�? 李元�? 中国昆虫生态大图鉴[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版�? 2011: 102?163.

Zhang W W, Li Y S. Chinese insects illustrated [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2011: 102�?63. [24]吴福�? 管致�? 马世�? �? 中国农业百科全书−昆虫卷[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版�? 1990: 49�?92.

Wu F Z, Guan Z H, Ma S J, et al. Encyclopedia of Chinese agriculture-insect volume [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1990: 49�?92. [25]虞国�? 王合. 北京林业昆虫图谱[M]. 北京: 科学出版�? 2018: 49?112.

Yu G Y, Wang H. The Beijing forestry insect atlas [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018: 49�?12. [26]国家林业局. 林业有害生物发生及成灾标凅� LY/T 1681�?006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版�? 2006.

State Forestry Administration. Standard of forest pests occurrence and disaster: LY/T 1681�?006 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006. [27]张荣�? 中国动物地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版�? 2011: 12?54.

Zhang R Z. Zoological geography in China [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 12�?4. [28]代金�? 宁夏金龟子昆虫的区系组成和分布特征[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(6): 2589�?591.

Dai J X. Fauna composition and distribution characters of chafer beetles in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(6): 2589�?591. [29]李雪�? 王小�? 曹亮�? �? 中国典型地区栎类害虫种类调查及其危害情况研究[J]. 林业与生态科�? 2020, 35(4): 387�?92.

Li X W, Wang X Y, Cao L M, et al. Investigation of insect pest species on oak and their damage degree in typical regions of China[J]. Forestry and Ecological Sciences, 2020, 35(4): 387�?92. [30]骆有�? 刘宇�? 黄华�? �? 应用遥感技术评价森林健康的路径和方法[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(9): 1�?3.

Luo Y Q, Liu Y J, Huang H G, et al. Pathway and method of forest health assessment using remote sensing technology[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(9): 1�?3. [31]孙永�? 冯薇, 张宇�? �? 毛乌素沙地生物土壤结皮对油蒿群落土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(11): 82�?0.

Sun Y Q, Feng W, Zhang Y Q, et al. Effects of biological soil crusts on soil enzyme activities of Artemisia ordosicacommunity in the Mu Us Desert of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(11): 82�?0.