doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210487
Investigation on the species and harm of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatusin the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China
摘要:
目的长柄扁桃是陕北沙区重要生态树种和经济树种,在区域经济和生态建设中发挥着重要作用。近年来受到多种害虫侵扰,受害面积不断增加且日益严重。为此进行了该研究,以明确陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及害虫危害情况,为今后长柄扁桃害虫监测和科学防控提供基础资料、/sec>
方法?017?月至2020?0月,采用人工采集法和黑光灯诱法对陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫进行采集,对采集到的标本进行了鉴定、整理和区系分析;随后采用标准地调查法对害虫的危害程度做了系统的调查、/sec>
结果共计调查到陕北沙区长柄扁桃害?5种,隶属3个目19科,鞘翅目害虫种类为15种,占害虫种类的42.86%;半翅目害虫种类?1种,占害虫种类的31.43%;鳞翅目害虫种类?种,占害虫总数?5.71%。区系分析表明,长柄扁桃的鞘翅目害虫古北种最多,?3.33%,鳞翅目害虫和半翅目害虫广布种最多,分别?8.89% 81.82%。危害程度研究表明,危害严重的害虫有5种,危害中度的害虫有8种,危害轻的害虫?2种、/sec>
结论陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫主要分布在鞘翅目和半翅目,鞘翅目害虫以古北种为主,半翅目和鳞翅目害虫以广布种为主。长柄扁桃害虫的优势种为华北大黑鳃金龟、苹毛丽金龟、阿拉善舌喙象、李小食心虫和桃蚜、/sec>
Abstract:
Objective
Amygdalus pedunculatusis an important ecological and economic tree species in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China, which plays an important role in regional economy and ecological construction. In recent years, they have been disturbed by a variety of pests, and the damaged area is increasing and becoming more and more serious. In this study, the species and harm of
pests on
A.
pedunculatusin the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province were clarified, so as to provide basic data for the monitoring and scientific prevention and control of watermelon pests.
MethodFrom March 2017 to October 2020, pests on
A.
pedunculatuswere collected by manual collection and black light trap in the sandy area of Northern Shaanxi Province, and the collected pests specimen were identified, sorted and floristicly analyzed. Then, the damage degree of pests was systematically investigated by standard field investigation method.
ResultThere were 35 species of pests recorded belonging to 3 orders and 19 families in the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province, among which, 15 species belong to Coleoptera, accounting for 42.86%; 11 species belong to Hemiptera, accounting for 31.43%; and 9 species belong to Lepidoptera, accounting for 25.71%. The faunas analysis showed that The Palaearctic species of Coleoptera pests on
A.
pedunculatawere the most, accounting for 73.33%, and the widespread species of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera pests were the most, accounting for 88.89% and 81.82%, respectively. The analysis of pest damage degree showed that there were 5 kinds of serious pests, 8 kinds of moderate pests and 22 kinds of light pests on
A.
pedunculata.
ConclusionColeoptera and Hemiptera are the main pests on
A. pedunculatain the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province. Among them, Coleoptera pests are mainly Palaearctic species, while Hemiptera and Lepidoptera pests are mainly widespread species. The main pests on
A. pedunculataare
Proagopertha lucidula,
Diglossotrox alashanicus,
Grapholitha funebranaand
Myzus persicae.
?nbsp; 1陕北沙区危害长柄扁桃害虫组成
Figure 1.Composition of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatain the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province
?nbsp; 2长柄扁桃害虫危害程度划分标准
Table 2.Division standard of damage degree of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatus
危害等级 Damage degree |
划分标准 Standard of division |
表示符号 Symbol of representation |
⅟/td> | 表示发生数量少,或发生量大,但危害轻 Pest population is small, or the pest population is large but the harm is light 失叶面积 25%,或枝梢被害 15%,或被害株率(干或根 8%,或花和果实被害 15% Leaf loss area 25%, or shoot damage rate 15%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) 8%, or flower and fruit damage rate 15% |
+ |
Ⅰ/td> | 表示发生数量大,但危害较 Pest population is large, but the damage is relatively light 25% < 失叶面积 55%,或15% < 枝梢被害 35%,或10% < 被害株率(干或根 20%+br/>?5% < 花和果实被害 25% 25% < leaf loss area 55%, or 15% < shoot damage rate 35%, or 10% < plant damage rate (stem or root) 20%, or 15% < flower and fruit damage rate 25% |
++ |
Ⅱ/td> | 表示发生数量大,危害严重 Pest population is large, and the damage is serious 失叶面积 > 55%,或枝梢被害 > 35%,或被害株率(干或根 > 20%,或花和果实被害 > 25% Leaf loss area > 55%, or shoot damage rate > 35%, or plant damage rate (stem or root) > 20%, or flower and fruit damage rate > 25% |
+++ |
?nbsp; 3陕北沙区长柄扁桃害虫种类及危害程?/p>
Table 3.Pest species and damage degree onAmygdalus Pedunculatusin the sandy area of northern Shaanxi Province
Oder | Family | Species | 危害部位 Damage part |
危害程度 Damage degree |
鞘翅 Coleoptera | 鳃金龟科 Melolonthidae | 华北大黑鳃金Hloltrichia oblita | Root | +++ |
暗黑鳃金H.parallela | Root | ++ | ||
小黑齿爪鳃金H.picea | Root | + | ||
棕色鳃金H.titanis | Root | + | ||
黑绒金龟Maladera orientalis | Root | ++ | ||
二色希鳃金龟Hilyotrogus bicoloreus | Root | ++ | ||
丽金龟科 Rutelidae | 四纹丽金Popillia quadriguttata | 根、叶 Root and leaf | + | |
苹毛丽金Proagopertha lucidula | 根、花 Root and flower | +++ | ||
铜绿异丽金龟Anomala corpulenta | 根、叶 Root and leaf | ++ | ||
芫菁 Meloidae | 绿芫Lytta caraganae | Leaf | + | |
苹斑芫菁Meloecalidasp. | Flower | + | ||
象甲 Curculionidae | 阿拉善舌喙象Diglossotrox alashanicus | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | +++ | |
桃长鼻象Rhynchitessp. | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
叶甲 Chrysomelidae | 蓝叶Chrysolinasp. | Flower | + | |
天牛 Cerambycidae | 桃红颈天Aromia bungii | Trunk | + | |
鳞翅 Lepidopter | 螟蛾 Pyralidae | 桃蛀Dichocrocis punctiferalis | 果实 Fruit | + |
草地Loxostege sticticalis | Leaf | + | ||
天蛾 Sphingidae | 桃天Maurmba gaschkewitschii | Leaf | + | |
夜蛾 Noctuidae | 小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon | Root | + | |
蛀果蛾 Tortricidae | 桃小食心Carposinasa sakii | 果实 Fruit | ++ | |
卷蛾 Carposinadae | 李小食心Grapholithafunebrana | 果实 Fruit | +++ | |
刺蛾 Limacodidae | 褐边绿刺Parasa consocia | Leaf | + | |
黄刺Monema flavescens | Leaf | ++ | ||
祝蛾 Lecithoceridae | 梅祝Scythropiodessp. | Leaf | ++ | |
半翅 Hemiptera | 蚜科 Aphididae | 桃蚜Myzus persicae | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | +++ |
桃粉Hyalopterus amygdali | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
桃瘤Phylloxera notabilis | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
叶蝉 Cicadeiiidae | 大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | |
桃小绿叶Empoasca flavscens | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
桃小叶蝉Erythroneura sudra | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
盲蝽 Miridae | 绿盲Apolygus lucorum | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | |
蝽科 Pentatomidae | 茶翅Halyomorpha halys | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | |
斑须Dolycoris baccarum | 叶、枝 Leaf and shoot | + | ||
盾蚧 Diaspididae | 桑白Pseudaulacaspis pentagona | 枝、干 Branch and trunk | ++ | |
粉蚧 Pseudococcidae | 康氏粉蚧Pseudococcus comstocki | 枝、干 Branch and trunk | + |
?nbsp; 4不同区系长柄扁桃害虫种类
Table 4.Species of pests onAmygdalus pedunculatain different faunas
?br/>Order | 科数 Family number |
古北秌br/>Palaearctic species | 东洋秌br/>Oriental species | 广布秌br/>Widespread species | 合计 Total |
|||||||
数量 Number |
比例 Percentage/% |
数量 Number |
比例 Percentage/% |
数量 Number |
比例 Percentage/% |
数量 Number |
比例 Percentage/% |
|||||
鞘翅 Coleoptera | 6 | 11 | 73.33 | –/td> | –/td> | 4 | 26.67 | 15 | 100 | |||
鳞翅 Lepidopter | 7 | 1 | 11.11 | –/td> | –/td> | 8 | 88.89 | 9 | 100 | |||
半翅 Hemiptera | 6 | 2 | 18.18 | –/td> | –/td> | 9 | 81.82 | 11 | 100 | |||
合计 Total | 19 | 14 | 40.00 | –/td> | –/td> | 21 | 60.00 | 35 | 100 | |||
注:“—”表明经调查、鉴定无此类昆虫。Notes: “— shows that there is no such insect after investigation and identification. |