摘要: 目的林木空间分布格局对于评估森林是否需要经营至关重要，判断林木处于哪种分布状态（聚集分布、随机分布或者均匀分布）是制定合理的森林经营方案的前提。中重度林火会直接导致林木大量死亡，进而改变林分直径分布特征及林木空间分布格局。本文主要研究了达尔滨湖国家森林公园林火发生一年后，不同火烧烈度下兴安落叶松林的林分状态、�/sec> 方法通过比较林分直径分布、不同类别树木空间格局及其关联性，分析林火对林木空间格局的影响、�/sec> 结果火烧烈度高的区域，小径级林木存活数量少，小死树的聚集半径相对小。与未过火样地相比，发生火烧的区域，中活树均出现中等尺度的聚集。中度火烧样地内的中树和小树存在关联性，中死树与周围的小死树�? ~ 8 m范围内呈正相关，中活树与周围的小死树�? ~ 20 m范围内呈负相关、�/sec> 结论火烧烈度会影响树木的空间格局以及不同大小不同存活状态树木之间的关联性。针对不同火烧烈度下林木的聚集尺度选择适合的抚育措施对火后森林恢复具有重要意义。本研究可为兴安落叶松林的火后恢复提供科学依据、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 空间分布格局/
• 兴安落叶杽�/a> /
• 火烈�?/a> /
• O-ring 统计

Abstract: ObjectiveThe spatial distribution pattern of trees is important for evaluating whether the forest needs to be managed, and judging which distribution state (aggregated distribution, random distribution, or uniform distribution) of trees is a prerequisite for developing suitable management plans. Moderate and high severity forest fires can kill a large number of trees, and then change the distribution characteristics of stand diameter and the spatial distribution pattern of forest trees. We investigated natural Larix gmeliniiforests in the Da’erbinhu National Forest Park, Inner Mongolia of northern China one year following a mixed-severity wildfire. MethodBy comparing the distribution of stand diameter, the spatial distribution pattern of different types of trees and their association, we analyzed the influence of fire on the spatial distribution pattern of trees. ResultThe results showed that in high severity areas, the number of small living trees and the gathering radius of small dead trees were relatively small. Compared with the unburned sample plots, the medium living trees presented a clustered distribution at the medium scale in the burned areas. The middle trees and the small trees were associated in the moderate severity burned sample plots. The medium dead trees and the surrounding small dead trees were positively associated within a radius of 4 to 8 m, while the medium living trees and the surrounding small dead trees were negatively associated within a radius of 8 to 20 m. ConclusionThe spatial pattern of trees and the association between trees of different sizes and different status are affected by the fire severity. Choosing suitable afforestation measures according to the aggregation scale of trees for different fire severities is of great significance to forest restoration after a fire. This study can provide a scientific basis for the protection and rational use of nature larch forests in the Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China.

Key words:
• spatial distribution pattern/
• Larix gmelinii/
• fire severity/
• O-ring statistics

�?nbsp; 1达尔滨湖国家森林公园地理位置

Figure 1.Geographic location of Da’erbinhu National Forest Park

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 2不同火烧烈度下林分的直径分布

U.未火烧；L.轻度火烧；M.中度火烧；H.重度火烧。虚线用于划分小树、中树和大树所在区域；蓝线代表样地中活树的平均胸径；红线代表样地中死树的平均胸径。U, unburned; L, low fire severity; M, moderate fire severity; H, high fire severity. The dotted lines are used to divide small trees, medium trees and large trees. The blue lines represent the mean DBH of live trees in the sample plot. The red lines represent the mean DBH of dead trees in the sample plot.

Figure 2.Stand diameter distribution under different fire severities

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�?nbsp; 1不同火烧烈度样地内不同状态和大小的树木数野�/p>

Table 1.Number of trees by status and size in different fire severity sample plots

状�?br/> Status	大小 Size	未火�?br/> Unburned			轻度火烧 Low severity burned			中度火烧 Moderately burned			重度火烧 Severely burned
		树木数量 Number of trees	占比 Proportion/%		树木数量 Number of trees	占比 Proportion/%		树木数量 Number of trees	占比 Proportion/%		树木数量 Number of trees	占比 Proportion/%
	树木总量 All trees	148.00 ± 3.29	100		149.00 ± 7.78	100		175.00 ± 7.87	100		176.00 ± 9.97	100
洺�br/> Live	活树总量 Total live trees	148.00 ± 3.29	100		123.00 ± 3.74	82.65 ± 2.16		85.00 ± 4.49	48.88 ± 3.76		10.00 ± 4.49	6.12 ± 2.59
	小树 Small tree	50.00 ± 2.49	34.09 ± 1.68		42.00 ± 6.79	28.49 ± 3.08		17.00 ± 1.24	10.09 ± 0.56		3.00 ± 0.81	1.71 ± 0.48
	中树 Medium tree	80.00 ± 3.26	53.79 ± 1.29		51.00 ± 4.54	34.44 ± 4.53		56.00 ± 3.39	32.32 ± 3.19		5.00 ± 2.44	2.86 ± 1.39
	大树 Large tree	18.00 ± 0.81	12.11 ± 0.61		29.00 ± 3.29	19.71 ± 2.32		11.00 ± 1.69	6.46 ± 0.85		2.00 ± 1.24	1.53 ± 0.72
歺�br/> Dead	死树总量 Total dead trees				26.00 ± 4.54	17.34 ± 2.16		89.00 ± 9.84	51.11 ± 3.76		165.00 ± 12.39	93.87 ± 2.59
	小树 Small tree				24.00 ± 4.11	16.46 ± 1.94		76.00 ± 7.71	43.74 ± 3.22		108.00 ± 6.94	61.41 ± 0.91
	中树 Medium tree				1.00 ± 0.47	0.88 ± 0.26		11.00 ± 1.88	6.44 ± 0.76		39.00 ± 4.89	22.03 ± 1.56
	大树 Large tree				0	0		1.00 ± 0.94	0.93 ± 0.48		18.00 ± 1.69	10.43 ± 1.12

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�?nbsp; 2不同火烧烈度样地内不同类别树木的空间分布格局

Table 2.Spatial distribution pattern of different types of trees in different fire severity sample plots

类型 Type	尺度 Scale/m
	0 ~ 4	4 ~ 8	8 ~ 12	12 ~ 16	16 ~ 20	20 ~ 24	24 ~ 28	28 ~ 32	32 ~ 36	36 ~ 40
未火烧−小活栐�br/>Unburned-small live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r
未火烧−中活栐�br/>Unburned-medium live trees	r（−（�/td>	r（−（�/td>	+（r（�/td>	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>
轻度火烧−小活树 Low severity-small live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r
轻度火烧−中活树 Low severity-medium live trees	r	r�?（�/td>	r	+（r（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>
轻度火烧−大活树 Low severity-large live trees	r	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r
轻度火烧−小死树 Low severity-small dead trees	r	r	+（r（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r
中度火烧−中活树 Moderate severity-medium live trees	r	r	r	+	+（r（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r�?（�/td>
中度火烧−小死树 Moderate severity-small dead trees	r	+（r（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r
重度火烧−小死树 High severity-small dead trees	+（r（�/td>	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r
重度火烧−中死树 High severity-medium dead trees	r	r	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r
注：+代表聚集分布，−代表均匀分布，r代表随机分布，−（r）为均匀分布多于随机分布；r（−）表示随机分布多于均匀分布�?（r）、（r�?同理。Notes: + stands for clustering distribution, � for regular distribution, r for random distribution, � (r) for more regular distribution than random distribution, r(�? for more random distribution than regular distribution, the same as +(r) and (r)+.

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�?nbsp; 3不同火烧烈度样地内不同类别树木的关联�?/p>

Table 3.Association of different types of trees in different fire severity sample plots

类型 Type	尺度 Scale/m
	0 ~ 4	4 ~ 8	8 ~ 12	12 ~ 16	16 ~ 20	20 ~ 24	24 ~ 28	28 ~ 32	32 ~ 36	36 ~ 40
未火烧−大活树与周围的中活树 Unburned-medium live trees around large live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>
未火烧−大活树与周围的小活树 Unburned-small live trees around large live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
未火烧−中活树与周围的小活树 Unburned-small live trees around medium live trees	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r
轻度火烧−大活树与周围的中活栐�br/>Low severity-medium live trees around large live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
轻度火烧−大活树与周围的小活栐�br/>Low severity-small live trees around large live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
轻度火烧−大活树与周围的小死栐�br/>Low severity-small dead trees around large live trees	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r	r
轻度火烧−中活树与周围的小活栐�br/>Low severity-small live trees around medium live trees	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r
轻度火烧−中活树与周围的小死栐�br/>Low severity-small dead trees around medium live trees	r	r	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r
中度火烧−大活树与周围的中活栐�br/>Moderate severity-medium live trees around large live trees	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r
中度火烧−大活树与周围的小死栐�br/>Moderate severity-small dead trees around large live trees	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r�?（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r（−（�/td>
中度火烧−中活树与周围的小活栐�br/>Moderate severity-small live trees around medium live trees	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>
中度火烧−中活树与周围的小死栐�br/>Moderate severity-small dead trees around medium live trees	r（−（�/td>	r（−（�/td>	∑�/td>	∑�/td>	∑�/td>	r（−（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r（−（�/td>	r
中度火烧−中死树与周围的小活栐�br/>Moderate severity-small live trees around medium dead trees	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
中度火烧−中死树与周围的小死栐�br/>Moderate severity-small dead trees around medium dead trees	r	+	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r	r
重度火烧−大活树与周围的小死栐�br/>High severity-small dead trees around large living trees	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r
重度火烧−大死树与周围的中死栐�br/>High severity-medium dead trees around large dead trees	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r
重度火烧−大死树与周围的小死栐�br/>High severity-small dead trees around large dead trees	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
重度火烧−中活树与周围的小死栐�br/>High severity-small dead trees around medium live trees	r	r（−（�/td>	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r
重度火烧−中死树与周围的小活栐�br/>High severity-small live trees around medium dead trees	r	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r�?（�/td>
重度火烧−中死树与周围的小死栐�br/>High severity-small dead trees around medium dead trees	r�?（�/td>	r	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r（−（�/td>	r	r	r	r
注：+代表正相关，−代表负相关，r 代表不相关，−（r）表示负相关多于不相关；r（−）表示不相关多于负相关，+（r）、（r�?同理。Notes: + represents positive association, � represents negative association, r represents non-association, −（r� represents more negative association than non-association, and r（−� represents more non-association than negative association , the same as +（r� and （r�?.

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