摘要: 目的马尾松是我国南方重要速生用材树种之一。研�?0个马尾松无性系在不同试验点胸径和树高生长性状的变异特征和遗传稳定性，筛选高遗传增益的优良基因型推广利用，为马尾松适地适基因型高效栽培和人工林提质增效提供试验依据、�/sec> 方法以在广西宁明县（E1）、柳州市（E2）、博白县（E3）和钦州市（E4）营建的10�?年生马尾松无性系（M1 ~ M10）区域试验林为对象，测定胸径和树高生长，分析不同基因型生长性状差异和变异规律，开展无性系稳定性分析和综合评价，筛选生产力高和稳定性好的优良基因型、�/sec> 结果马尾松无性系生长变异丰富，同一地点无性系间总变异和同一无性系地点间总变异均表现为胸径大于树高。多点联合方差分析表明：基因型、环境条件、基因型与环境互作效应对马尾松无性系胸径和树高生长都有极显著影响＇�i>P< 0.01），试验点内无性系间生长表现不同，无性系在不同试验点间生长表现也存在较大差异。不同地点无性系胸径和树高的重复力处�?.59 ~ 0.89之间，生长性状主要受遗传控制。遗传稳定性分析结果表明：M1、M2、M4、M5和M7�?个无性系胸径和树高生长速度较快且稳定性良好，M8对E1试验点具有特殊适应性。对4个试验点的马尾松无性系胸径和树高生长进行综合评价，筛选出M1、M2、M4、M5、M7 5个优良无性系，胸径和树高遗传增益分别比种子园良种实生苗提�?7.90% ~ 45.65%�?1.92% ~ 24.38%、�/sec> 结论马尾松胸径和树高生长性状在无性系间变异丰富，基因型、环境和基因型与环境的互作效应对马尾松无性系的生长性状产生了极显著影响；M1、M2、M4、M5和M7�?个无性系生长迅速且稳定，遗传增益较高，可在马尾松栽培区适当推广、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 马尾杽�/a> /
• 无性系/
• 互作效应/
• 遗传变异/
• 生长性状

Abstract: Objective Pinus massonianais one of the important fast-growing timber species in south China. In this study, phenotypic and genetic stability of DBH and tree height traits of 10 Pinus massonianaclones were studied at multiple sites, and excellent genotypes with high genetic gain were screened, so as to provide experimental basis for efficient cultivation of Pinus massonianawith suitable genotypes and quality and efficiency improvement of plantation. MethodThe DBH and tree height of 10 3-year-old Pinus massonianaclones (M1 � M10) were measured from regional experimental forest in Ningming County (E1), Liuzhou City (E2), Bobai County (E3) and Qinzhou City (E4) of Guangxi, southern China. The growth traits and phenotypic variation of different genotypes were analyzed. Clone stability analysis and comprehensive evaluation were carried out to screen excellent genotypes with high productivity and good stability. ResultThe growth variation of Pinus massonianaclones was rich, the total varation of DBH between clones at the same site and between clones at the same site was greater than tree height. Multi-point joint variance analysis showed that genotype, environmental conditions and genotype-environment interaction had significant effects on DBH and tree height growth of Pinus massonianaclones ( P< 0.01). The growth performance of clones within the test site was different, and the growth performance of clones among different test sites was also different. The repeatability of DBH and tree height of clones at different sites was between 0.59 and 0.89, indicating they were mainly controlled by heredity. The results of genetic stability analysis showed that the DBH and tree height of M1, M2, M4, M5 and M7 clones grew faster and had good stability. Clone M8 had a special adaptability to the test site at Ningming County. Five superior clones (M1, M2, M4, M5, M7) were selected by comprehensive evaluation of DBH and tree height across four experimental sites. The genetic gains of DBH and tree height were increased by 37.90%�?5.65% and 21.92%�?4.38%, respectively, compared with the performance of seed orchard seedlings. ConclusionThe DBH and tree height of Pinus massonianavary greatly among clones. Genotype, environment and the interaction between genotype and environment have significant effect on the growth traits of Pinus massonianaclones. The five clones, M1, M2, M4, M5 and M7, grow rapidly and stably, and bring high genetic gain, which could be appropriately promoted in Pinus massonianacultivation areas.

Key words:
• Pinus massoniana/
• clone/
• interaction effect/
• genetic variation/
• growth trait

�?nbsp; 1试验点在广西区内的分布情冴�/p>

E1. 宁明县；E2. 柳州市；E3. 博白县；E4. 钦州市。下同。E1, Ningming County; E2, Liuzhou City; E3, Bobai County; E4, Qinzhou City. The same below.

Figure 1.Distribution of experimental points in Guangxi region

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�?nbsp; 2参试马尾松无性系生长性状散点分布国�/p>

Figure 2.Scatter distribution of growth traits in tested clones ofP. massoniana

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 1各试验点参试无性系胸径和树高多重比辂�/p>

Table 1.Multiple comparison of DBH and tree height of tested clones in different sites

地点 Site	无性系 Clone	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Tree height/m		地点 Site	无性系 Clone	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Tree height/m
E1	M1	7.4 ± 1.1 aAB	4.75 ± 0.52 abAB		E3	M1	4.5 ± 1.4 aABC	3.53 ± 0.58 aAB
	M2	6.7 ± 1.3 cdBCD	4.58 ± 0.53 bcABCD			M2	4.4 ± 1.2 aABC	3.41 ± 0.69 abAB
	M3	6.3 ± 1.3 defCDE	4.37 ± 0.69 cdCDE			M3	3.1 ± 0.9 cD	2.67 ± 0.52 cC
	M4	6.8 ± 1.5 bcdABC	4.57 ± 0.59 bcABCD			M4	4.6 ± 1.6 aAB	3.40 ± 0.84 abAB
	M5	7.5 ± 1.2 aA	4.78 ± 0.54 abAB			M5	4.3 ± 1.4 aABC	3.35 ± 0.63 abAB
	M6	5.8 ± 1.3 fgEF	4.35 ± 0.49 cdCDE			M6	4.0 ± 1.4 abABCD	3.23 ± 0.59 abAB
	M7	7.0 ± 1.3 abcABC	4.65 ± 0.54 bABC			M7	4.7 ± 1.5 aA	3.58 ± 0.78 aA
	M8	7.3 ± 1.2 abAB	4.90 ± 0.58 aA			M8	3.9 ± 1.1 abcABCD	2.98 ± 0.55 bcBC
	M9	6.4 ± 1.2 deCDE	4.54 ± 0.50 bcBCD			M9	4.0 ± 1.4 abABCD	3.21 ± 0.70 abABC
	M10	6.0 ± 1.2 efgDEF	4.19 ± 0.59 deE			M10	4.4 ± 1.3 aABC	3.27 ± 0.69 abAB
	CK	5.5 ± 1.2 gF	4.07 ± 0.64 eE			CK	3.4 ± 1.3 bcCD	2.67 ± 0.48 cC
E2	M1	4.9 ± 1.2 abA	3.68 ± 0.67 abAB		E4	M1	6.1 ± 1.6 aA	3.71 ± 0.39 bcdAB
	M2	4.7 ± 0.9 abAB	3.63 ± 0.57 abcAB			M2	6.0 ± 0.9 aA	3.96 ± 0.34 abA
	M3	4.8 ± 1.2 abA	3.65 ± 0.67 abAB			M3	5.4 ± 1.8 abcABC	3.66 ± 0.48 bcdAB
	M4	4.8 ± 1.1 abA	3.72 ± 0.66 aA			M4	6.1 ± 1.6 aA	3.93 ± 0.56 abcA
	M5	5.1 ± 1.5 aA	3.74 ± 0.72 aA			M5	6.2 ± 1.3 aA	4.05 ± 0.49 aA
	M6	3.6 ± 1.2 cdCD	3.12 ± 0.58 defBC			M6	4.4 ± 0.9 deCD	3.43 ± 0.33 deBC
	M7	4.7 ± 1.5 abAB	3.52 ± 0.82 abcdAB			M7	5.8 ± 1.1 abAB	3.86 ± 0.37 abcAB
	M8	4.2 ± 1.2 bcABC	3.21 ± 0.64 cdefABC			M8	4.8 ± 0.7 bcdeABCD	3.47 ± 0.36 deBC
	M9	3.7 ± 1.5 cdBCD	3.28 ± 0.79 bcdeABC			M9	4.9 ± 1.3 bcdeABCD	3.65 ± 0.31 bcdAB
	M10	4.6 ± 1.5 abAB	3.52 ± 0.7 6abcdAB			M10	5.3 ± 1.4 abcdABCD	3.61 ± 0.49 cdAB
	CK	3.2 ± 1.0 dCD	2.89 ± 0.59 efC			CK	4.0 ± 0.6 eD	3.15 ± 0.47 eC
注：表中不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示在0.05�?.01水平上差异显著。Note: different lowercase letters and uppercase letters mean significant difference atP< 0.05 andP< 0.01 level.

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�?nbsp; 2各试验点马尾松无性系生长性状表型变异系数

Table 2.Phenotypic variation coefficient of growth traits ofP. massonianaclones at different sites %

无性系 Clone	胸径 DBH				总变弁�br/>Total variation	树高 Tree height				总变弁�br/>Total variation
	E1	E2	E3	E4		E1	E2	E3	E4
M1	15.27	25.10	31.33	26.07	30.06	10.95	18.21	16.43	10.51	19.30
M2	19.10	20.64	27.95	16.00	27.04	11.57	15.70	20.23	8.59	18.41
M3	20.79	25.63	31.61	33.52	33.08	15.79	18.36	19.48	13.11	22.78
M4	21.62	22.71	35.65	26.07	30.73	12.91	17.74	24.71	14.25	20.52
M5	16.27	28.63	33.49	20.32	30.81	11.30	19.25	18.81	12.10	20.29
M6	22.24	32.78	34.00	21.82	33.76	11.26	18.59	18.27	9.62	20.66
M7	18.29	32.13	31.70	18.10	29.86	11.61	23.30	21.79	9.59	20.65
M8	16.99	27.62	28.72	15.00	34.78	11.84	19.94	18.46	10.37	26.50
M9	19.06	40.27	35.50	26.94	35.66	11.01	24.09	21.81	8.49	22.57
M10	19.83	31.74	29.55	25.85	28.39	14.08	21.59	21.10	13.57	19.91
总变弁�br/>Total variation	20.45	30.22	33.57	25.64		12.91	20.51	22.39	12.30

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�?nbsp; 3各试验点无性系生长性状方差分析

Table 3.Variance analyses of growth traits of clones in each test site

性状 Trait	地点 Site	平均倻�br/>Mean	标准�?br/>Standard deviation	F	无性系重复劚�br/>Clonal repeatability
胸径 DBH/cm	E1	6.7	1.37	9.468**	0.89
	E2	4.5	1.36	4.417**	0.77
	E3	4.2	1.41	2.466*	0.59
	E4	5.5	1.41	3.809**	0.74
树高 Tree height/m	E1	4.57	0.59	6.851**	0.85
	E2	3.51	0.72	2.994**	0.67
	E3	3.93	0.88	3.494**	0.71
	E4	3.74	0.46	5.273**	0.81
注：*表示�?.05水平上差异显著，**表示�?.01水平上差异显著，下同。Notes:*means significant difference atP< 0.05 level＋�sup>**means significant difference atP< 0.01 level. The same below.

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�?nbsp; 4各试验点参试无性系生长性状联合方差分析

Table 4.Joint analysis of variance for growth traits of tested clones in different sites

生长性状 Growth trait	变异来源 Variation source	自由�?br/> Degree of freedom	平方咋�br/> Sum of square	均方 Mean square	F
胸径 DBH	地点 Site	3	1 281.843	427.281	254.208**
	无性系 Clone	9	187.378	20.820	12.387**
	地点 × 无性系 Site × clone	27	96.461	3.573	2.126**
	误差 Error	1 099	1 847.234	1.681
树高 Tree height	地点 Site	3	346.457	115.486	322.876**
	无性系 Clone	9	25.568	2.841	7.942**
	地点 × 无性系 Site × clone	27	24.176	0.895	2.503**
	误差 Error	1 099	393.089	0.358

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�?nbsp; 5马尾松无性系生长性状与环境互作效应值和适生范围

Table 5.Interaction effect value and suitable range of growth traits and environment ofP. massonianaclones

无性系 Clone	无性系 × 环境 Site × clone				适宜范围 Suitable area
	E1	E2	E3	E4
M1	0.105 3	0.019 9	0.004 9	�?.130 1	E1、E2、E3
M2	�?.230 2	0.035 3	0.025 3	0.169 5	E2、E3、E4
M3	�?.128 3	0.733 9	�?.637 8	0.218 0	E2、E4
M4	�?.341 7	�?.049 2	0.375 8	0.035 0	E3、E4
M5	0.265 7	�?.017 5	�?.336 6	0.155 9	E1、E4
M6	0.015 0	�?.226 1	0.347 2	�?.193 6	E1、E3
M7	0.085 5	0.017 0	0.329 1	0.153 7	E1、E2、E3、E4
M8	0.484 4	�?.165 9	�?.070 1	�?.313 4	E1
M9	0.317 9	�?.223 5	�?.127 6	0.072 4	E1、E4
M10	�?.359 0	0.052 3	0.265 6	0.023 1	E2、E3、E4

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�?nbsp; 6各试验点马尾松无性系生长性状综合评价

Table 6.Comprehensive evaluation of growth traits ofP. massonianaclones in different sites

E1			E2			E3			E4			平均� Mean		排名 Ranking
无性系 Clone	Qi		无性系 Clone	Qi		无性系 Clone	Qi		无性系 Clone	Qi		无性系 Clone	Qi
M8	1.25		M5	1.17		M7	1.15		M5	1.26		M5	1.20	1
M5	1.25		M1	1.16		M1	1.14		M4	1.25		M1	1.19	2
M1	1.24		M4	1.15		M4	1.13		M2	1.25		M4	1.18	3
M7	1.22		M3	1.15		M2	1.12		M1	1.23		M7	1.18	4
M4	1.21		M2	1.14		M5	1.11		M7	1.23		M2	1.18	5
M2	1.20		M7	1.13		M10	1.11		M3	1.19		M10	1.14	6
M9	1.19		M10	1.12		M6	1.08		M10	1.18		M8	1.13	7
M3	1.17		M8	1.07		M9	1.08		M9	1.16		M9	1.12	8
M6	1.15		M9	1.05		M8	1.05		M8	1.14		M3	1.12	9
M10	1.14		M6	1.03		M3	0.97		M6	1.12		M6	1.09	10
平均� Mean	1.20			1.12			1.10			1.20			1.15

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�?nbsp; 7马尾松优良无性系遗传增益估算

Table 7.Genetic gain estimation of superior clones ofP. massoniana

无性系 Clone	平均胸径 Average DBH/cm	与CK相比 Compared with CK		平均树高 Average tree height/m	与CK相比 Compared with CK
		现实增益 Practical gain/%	遗传增益 Genetic gain/%		现实增益 Practical gain/%	遗传增益 Genetic gain/%
M1	5.9	47.82	43.99	4.05	26.58	23.12
M2	5.6	41.20	37.90	4.02	25.53	22.21
M4	5.7	42.55	39.14	4.01	25.19	21.92
M5	6.0	49.62	45.65	4.10	28.03	24.38
M7	5.7	43.31	39.85	4.02	25.61	22.28
平均� Mean	5.8	44.75	41.17	4.04	26.25	22.84

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