摘要: 目的探索林分密度对柏木人工林群落结构和林下物种多样性及林下物种多样性与林分因子相关性的影响，为云顶山柏木人工林经营管理提供依据、�/sec> 方法以四川云顶山5种不同林分密度（A ~ E�?00�?50�?00�?50�? 100�?hm ²�?0 年生柏木人工林为研究对象，采用典型样地法进行植被调查，综合分析其群落结构、物种组成和物种多样性指数（Pielou均匀度指�?i>J _sw、Simpson优势度指�?i>H‱�/i>、Shannon-Wiener多样性指�?i>H、和物种丰富度指�?i>D）、�/sec> 结果�?）研究区内共记录植物170种，隶属�?8�?36属。不同密度下灌木层或草本层优势种多属阴性、耐阴性或适应性强的植物。（2）随着林分密度的减小，灌木层物种多样性指数均呈先增后减的单峰变化，基本在密度B达到最大，陣�i>D外均无显著差异（ P> 0.05）；草本屁�i>D�?i>H�?i>H‱�/i>则呈先增后减再增再减的双峰变化，在密度B和D出现峰值，不同密度间各指数差异性显著。林分密度和郁闭度与灌木屁�i>D呈极显著负相关，与草本层 H�?i>H‱�/i>�?i>J _sw呈显著或极显著正相关。（3）密度A群落径级和高度级结构均呈波动状不规则分布，其余密度下均呈单峰型分布。密度B群落内中、大乔木个体占比相对较多，不同大小个体数在群落中分布趋于合理，群落稳定性较好、�/sec> 结论650�?hm ²为云顶山柏木人工林的相对最适林分密度，利于维持群落结构稳定并提高林下物种多样性、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 林分密度/
• 柏木人工枖�/a> /
• 群落结构/
• 物种多样�?/a>

Abstract: ObjectiveThe effects of stand density on the community structure and species diversity of Cupressus funebrisplantation and the correlation between species diversity and stand factors were explored, providing a basis for the management of Cupressus funebrisplantation in Yunding Mountains, southwestern China. MethodThe research objects were five different stand densities (A−E: 500, 650, 800, 950, 1 100 tree/ha) of 60 years Cupressus funebrisin Yunding Mountain, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. The vegetation was investigated by typical plot method. The community structure, species composition and species diversity index (Pielou evenness index Jsw, Simpson dominance index H', Shannon-Wiener diversity index Hand species richness index D) were comprehensively analyzed. Result(1) A total of 170 species of plants were recorded in the study area, belonging to 136 genera and 68 families. The dominant species in shrub layer or herb layer under different densities were mostly shady, shade-tolerant or adaptable plants. (2) With the decrease of stand density, the trend of species diversity index in shrub layer increased first and then decreased. It reached the maximum at density B, with no significant difference except D( P> 0.05). The trend of D, Hand H'in herbaceous layer increased first, then decreased, then increased and then decreased. The peak values appeared in density B and D, and there were significant differences among different densities. Stand density and canopy density were negatively correlated with shrub layer D, and significantly positively correlated with herb layer H, H'and J _sw . (3) Distribution between diameter and height structure of density A community was irregular and fluctuated, while distribution of other densities was unimodal. In density B community, medium and large individual trees accounted for a relatively large proportion of individuals, and the stability of the community was better. ConclusionThe relative optimum stand density of cypress plantation in Yunding Mountain is 650 tree/ha, which is very helpful to maintain the stability of community structure and improve the species diversity under the forest.

Key words:
• stand density/
• Cupressus funebrisplantation/
• community structure/
• species diversity

�?nbsp; 1不同密度柏木林乔木层径级和高度级结构

同径级（高度级）不同字母表示不同密度在该径级（高度级）个体数差异显著＇�i>P< 0.05）。Different letters appearing at the same diameter class (height class) indicate that the individual numbers with different densities at this diameter class (height class) are significantly different (P< 0.05).

Figure 1.Diameter and height structure of different densities ofC. funebrisplantation

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 2不同密度柏木林灌草层物种组成

F为科，G为属，S为种。F，family；G，genera；S，species.

Figure 2.Species composition of shrub and grass layers ofC. funebrisplantation with different densities

下载: 全尺寸图牆�/a> 幻灯牆�/a>

�?nbsp; 1样地基本情况

Table 1.Basic situation of the survey plots

样地� Sample plot No.	密度/（株·hm�?� Density/(tree·ha� 1)	密度划分 Density class	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope degree/(°)
9 ~ 12	500	A	827 ~ 867	正南 Due south	25 ~ 28
1 ~ 4	650	B	858 ~ 861	东北48° ~ 60° NE48°�?0°	19 ~ 26
5 ~ 8	800	C	835 ~ 841	正东 ~ 东北66° Due east−NE66°	20 ~ 25
17 ~ 20	950	D	833 ~ 835	正南 Due south	21 ~ 24
13 ~ 16	1 100	E	830 ~ 833	正南 Due south	25 ~ 27

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�?nbsp; 2不同密度柏木林灌草层优势种重要倻�/p>

Table 2.Important values of dominant species of shrub and grass layers in different densityC. funebrisplantations

层次 Layer	密度 Density	优势� Dominant species	重要倻�br/> Important value
灌木屁�br/> Shrub layer	A	黄荆 + 石海� + 豆腐� + 六道� + 荚蒾 Vitex negundo+Reinwardtia indica+Premna microphylla+Abelia biflora+Viburnum dilatatum	0.226 1 + 0.195 6 + 0.070 7 + 0.067 4 + 0.062 9
	B	石海� + 珊瑚� + 荚蒾 + 黄荆 + 豆腐柳�br/>Reinwardtia indica+Celtis julianae+Viburnum dilatatum+Vitex negundo+Premna microphylla	0.192 8 + 0.105 6 + 0.084 1 + 0.075 0 + 0.066 4
	C	黄荆 + 石海� + 六道� + 荚蒾 + 豆腐柳�br/>Vitex negundo+Reinwardtia indica+Abelia biflora+Viburnum dilatatum+Premna microphylla	0.262 4 + 0.135 6 + 0.083 5 + 0.080 4 + 0.069 5
	D	黄荆 + 石海� + 荚蒾 + 蕊帽忍冬 + 珊瑚朳�br/>Vitex negundo+Reinwardtia indica+Viburnum dilatatum+Lonicera pileata+Celtis julianae	0.360 2 + 0.099 7 + 0.097 3 + 0.096 0 + 0.058 8
	E	石海� + 六道� + 烟管荚蒾 + 黄荆 + 豆腐柳�br/>Reinwardtia indica+Abelia biflora+Viburnum utile+Vitex negundo+Premna microphylla	0.212 7 + 0.197 7 + 0.122 5 + 0.108 5 + 0.052 6
草本� Herb layer	A	莩草 + 求米� + 韩信� + 过路� + 白接�?br/>Setaria chondrachne+Oplismenus undulatifolius+Scutellaria indica+Lysimachia christinae+Asystasiella neesiana	0.226 7 + 0.136 8 + 0.120 3 + 0.098 3 + 0.082 1
	B	过路� + 白接� + 莩草 + 麦冬 + 求米荈�br/>Lysimachia christinae+Asystasiella neesiana + Setaria chondrachne+Ophiopogon japonicus+Oplismenus undulatifolius	0.136 1 + 0.133 1 + 0.119 4 + 0.112 3 + 0.094 4
	C	莩草 + 韩信� + 白接� + 过路� + 爵床 Setaria chondrachne+Scutellaria indica +Asystasiella neesiana+Lysimachia christinae+Rostellularia procumbens	0.372 8 + 0.142 7 + 0.133 6 + 0.111 9 + 0.082 6
	D	莩草 + 白接� + 三花� + 麦冬 + 求米荈�br/>Setaria chondrachne+Asystasiella neesiana+Caryopteris terniflora+Ophiopogon japonicus + Oplismenus undulatifolius	0.177 9 + 0.116 5 + 0.059 6 + 0.045 6 + 0.043 3
	E	沿阶� + 莩草 + 过路� + 求米� + 韩信荈�br/>Ophiopogon bodinieri+Setaria chondrachne+Lysimachia christinae+Oplismenus undulatifolius+Scutellaria indica	0.132 2 + 0.121 4 + 0.114 3 + 0.110 9 + 0.093 4

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�?nbsp; 3不同密度柏木林灌草层物种多样性指�?/p>

Table 3.Species diversity indices of shrub and grass layers inC. funebrisplantation under different densities

层次 Layer	密度 Density	Pielou均匀度指�?br/> Pielou eveness index (Jsw)	Simpson优势度指�?br/> Simpson dominance index (H')	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)	物种丰富度指� Species richness index (D)
灌木屁�br/>Shrub layer	A	0.615 3 ± 0.021 5a	0.758 5 ± 0.029 8a	1.989 0 ± 0.050 3a	25.500 0 ± 1.040 8ab
	B	0.671 1 ± 0.064 4a	0.764 3 ± 0.057 3a	2.253 6 ± 0.196 8a	29.000 0 ± 0.912 9a
	C	0.681 5 ± 0.076 5a	0.778 3 ± 0.081 8a	2.158 6 ± 0.274 8a	23.500 0 ± 1.707 8b
	D	0.657 3 ± 0.037 9a	0.767 5 ± 0.023 7a	1.878 4 ± 0.112 7a	17.500 0 ± 0.866 0c
	E	0.600 8 ± 0.063 3a	0.670 6 ± 0.074 6a	1.715 2 ± 0.194 4a	17.250 0 ± 0.478 7c
草本屁�br/>Herb layer	A	0.748 7 ± 0.047 7c	0.849 9 ± 0.025 7b	2.192 3 ± 0.146 8b	18.750 0 ± 1.030 8c
	B	0.752 4 ± 0.036 1c	0.878 4 ± 0.015 1ab	2.536 6 ± 0.114 6b	29.250 0 ± 1.108 7a
	C	0.768 6 ± 0.029 1bc	0.868 5 ± 0.019 5b	2.384 2 ± 0.107 5b	22.250 0 ± 0.853 9bc
	D	0.943 7 ± 0.004 8a	0.942 8 ± 0.002 8a	3.049 9 ± 0.059 3a	25.500 0 ± 1.707 8ab
	E	0.882 3 ± 0.012 3ab	0.904 1 ± 0.002 6ab	2.547 8 ± 0.024 1b	18.000 0 ± 0.577 4c
注：同列含有不同字母表示该列指数不同密度间差异显著（P< 0.05）。Note: same column containing different letters indicate that the index of this column is significantly different between different densities (P< 0.05).

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�?nbsp; 4灌草层物种多样性指数与林分因子的相关�?/p>

Table 4.Correlation coefficients between understory species diversity index and stand factors

林分因子 Stand factor	密度 Density	郁闭� Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height	平均胸径 Mean DBH	平均冠幅 Mean crown width	草本� Herb layer					灌木� Shrub layer
						D	H	H'	Jsw		D	H	H'	Jsw
密度 Density	1.00
郁闭�?br/> Canopy density	0.97**	1.00
平均树高 Mean tree height	�?.31	0.29	1.00
平均胸径 Mean DBH	�?.17	�?.18	0.65**	1.00
平均冠幅 Mean crown width	�?.05	�?.11	0.01	0.15	1.00
HL-D	�?.16	�?.13	0.20	0.31	�?.22	1.00
HL-H	0.52*	0.53*	0.16	0.13	�?.04	0.44*	1.00
HL-H'	0.58**	0.58**	0.07	0.00	�?.07	0.20	0.93**	1.00
HL-J	0.69**	0.67**	0.07	�?.03	0.04	�?.05	0.87**	0.94**	1.00
SH-D	�?.80**	�?.78**	0.07	0.31	�?.17	0.36	�?.49*	0.60**	0.74**		1.00
SH-H	�?.35	�?.35	�?.12	�?.11	�?.22	0.11	�?.31	�?.33	�?.42		0.52*	1.00
SH-H‘�/i>	�?.23	�?.23	�?.06	�?.18	�?.17	�?.01	�?.17	�?.18	�?.21		0.26	0.91**	1.00
SH-J	�?.06-	�?.07	�?.13	�?.22	�?.18	0.00	�?.12	�?.10	�?.14		0.17	0.93**	0.94**	1.00
注：*表示相关性显著（P< 0.05），**表示相关性极显著＇�i>P< 0.01）。HL表示草本层，SH表示灌木层。Notes: * indicates significant correlation (P< 0.05), ** indicates that the correlation is extremely significant (P< 0.01). HL means herb layer, SH means shrub layer.

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