摘要: 目的研究鹅喉羚蒙古亚种与夏季栖息地的关系，为探索鹅喉羚蒙古亚种的生境选择和生境恢复提供科学依据、�/sec> 方法�?016�?�?月，采用样线法和随机样方法，在内蒙古乌拉特后旗的蒙古野驴−梭梭林国家级自然保护区展开了鹅喉羚蒙古亚种夏季生境选择研究。共获得71个鹅喉羚数据样方，测定了15种生境因子，计算Vanderploeg和Scavia选择指数同时进行主成分分析、�/sec> 结果鹅喉羚喜好高平原和残丘，坡向半阴，灌木类型以白刺灌木林为主。倾向选择灌木数量�? ~ 10株�?0 ~ 30株，植被盖度�? ~ 20%�?0% ~ 80%，距道路的距离为10 ~ 15 km，距居民点的距离�?0 ~ 15 km的生境。主成分分析结果显示，前5个主成分的累计贡献率�?6.504%，其中第1主成分的贡献率为22.058%，地形因子（坡向、坡位和坡度）是�?主成分的影响因子，其他几个主成分的生境选择因子主要是干扰、水源和食物及植被因子、�/sec> 结论因此，我们认为夏季鹅喉羚对生境的选择呈现一定的偏好和回避，是由于夏季保护区内气候、地形、食物以及干扰等因子特有的季节性特征导致，也体现出其对保护区实际生境情况和资源分布进行的择优和取舍行为、�/sec>

关键诌�
• 内蒙古乌拉特后旗/
• 鹅喉羙�/a> /
• 生境选择/
• 选择指数与选择系数/
• 主成分分枏�/a>

Abstract: ObjectiveDue to the lack of research on goitred gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa hillieriana) at home and abroad, it has some adverse effects on its protection. Therefore, this paper studies the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in summer, and will provide a basis for exploring habitat selection and habitat restoration of the species. MethodWe investigated the habitat selection of Mongolia subspecies of goitred gazelle in the Ass-Saxoul National Nature Reserve of Wulate, Inner Mongolia of northern China from July to August 2016, using methods of transects and random samples. Totally 71 quadrats with gazelle and its tracks were obtained and 15 habitat selection factors were measured. The Vanderploeg and Scavia selection index and principal component analysis were used to determine the main habitat factors. ResultThe results showed that goitred gazelle chose high plain and torso mountain, semi-shady slope, shrub with nitraria sibirica ( Nitraria tangutorum); shrub numbers of no more than 10 or 20�?0; the vegetation coverage of less than 20% or 60%�?0%; and with the distance from the road and resident sites 10�?5 km. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the total cumulative contribution rate for 5 components was 76.504%, the contribution rate of the first principal component was 22.058%, in which the highest was terrain factors (slope orientation, slope position and slope degree); high contribution rate factors in other principal components were disturbance, water distance and vegetation factors. ConclusionTherefore, we suppose that gazelles � preference and avoidance for habitat selection is due to the unique seasonal characteristics of climate, topograghy, food and disturbance in summer and reflects its preference and trade-off for the actual habitat and resource distribution in the protected area.

Key words:
• Wulate Back Flag of Inner Mongolia/
• goitred gazelle/
• habitat selection/
• selection index and selection coefficient/
• principal component analysis

�?nbsp; 1内蒙古乌拉特蒙古野驴−梭梭林国家级自然保护区地理位置、功能区划及样线分布国�/p>

Figure 1.Location, functional zoning and transects of Wulate Haloxylon-Ammodendron Forest National Nature Reserve

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�?nbsp; 1乌拉特自然保护区鹅喉羚夏季生境选择特征倻�/p>

Table 1.Eigenvalue ofGazella subgutturosa hillierianasummer habitat selection in Wulate Nature Reserve

主成分序叶�br/>Mean component No.	特征倻�br/>Eigenvalue	贡献玆�br/>Ratio of contribution/%	累计贡献玆�br/>Accumulative ratio of contribution/%
1	2.647	22.058	22.058
2	2.176	18.132	40.190
3	1.850	15.416	55.606
4	1.384	11.529	67.135
5	1.124	9.369	76.504
6	0.723	6.026	82.530
7	0.538	4.483	87.013
8	0.504	4.201	91.214
9	0.362	3.016	94.229
10	0.294	2.450	96.679
11	0.231	1.922	98.601
12	0.168	1.399	100.000

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�?nbsp; 2喉羚生境选择转置矩阵

Table 2.Transpose matrix ofGazella subgutturosa hillierianahabitat selection

变量 Variable	�?主成� First principal component	�?主成� Second principal component	�?主成� Third principal component	�?主成� Fourth principal component	�?主成� Fifth principal component
坡向 Slope orientation	0.901	� 0.002	� 0.027	� 0.036	� 0.014
坡位 Slope position	0.835	0.004	0.064	� 0.055	� 0.111
坡度 Slope degree	0.811	� 0.078	� 0.014	0.012	0.103
距居民点距离 Distance from residents	� 0.113	0.846	0.186	� 0.133	0.050
植被总盖� Total vegetation coverage	0.063	0.838	0.074	0.070	� 0.137
海拔 Altitude	� 0.115	0.680	� 0.594	0.108	0.170
距道路距� Distance from road	� 0.070	� 0.022	0.833	0.126	0.056
距水源距� Distance from water	0.068	0.367	0.809	� 0.006	0.145
灌木高度 Shrub height	0.018	� 0.202	� 0.010	0.842	� 0.098
灌木类型 Shrub type	0.084	� 0.197	� 0.109	� 0.812	� 0.099
灌木距离 Shrub distance	0.162	� 0.071	0.350	0.018	0.820
隐蔽� Hiding cover degree	0.429	� 0.061	0.395	0.037	� 0.631

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�?nbsp; 3乌拉特自然保护区鹅喉羚夏季对15种生态因子的生境选择

Table 3.Summer habitat selection ofGazella subgutturosa hillierianaon 15 ecological factors in Wulate Nature Reserve

生态因� Ecological factor	生态因子项目划� Item classification of ecological factor (I)	选择/总样方数� Selected/total quadrat number (ri/Pi)	选择系数 Selection coefficient (Wi)	选择指数 Selection index (Ei)	生境选择 Habitat selection
地貌特征 Geomorphic feature	高平� High plain	8/9	0.255	0.120	P
	沙地−高平原 Desert-high plain	3/5	0.172	� 0.076	AR
	宽浅凹地 Wide shallow concave ground	2/4	0.143	� 0.165	NP
	残丘 Torso mountain	8/9	0.255	0.120	P
	沙地 Desert	27/44	0.176	� 0.065	AR
海拔 Altitude	800 ~ 900 m	25/35	0.349	0.023	AR
	900 ~ 1 000 m	14/24	0.285	� 0.078	AR
	1 000 ~ 1 100 m	9/12	0.366	0.047	AR
坡度 Slope degree	0°	31/48	0.196	� 0.121	NP
	1° ~ 5°	11/17	0.197	� 0.120	NP
	5° ~ 10°	5/5	0.304	0.097	AR
	> 10°	1/1	0.304	0.097	AR
坡位 Slope position	无坡� No slope	31/48	0.230	� 0.042	AR
	中坡� Middle slope	12/16	0.267	0.032	AR
	下坡� Down slope	3/4	0.267	0.032	AR
	中下坡位 Middle-down slope	2/3	0.237	� 0.027	AR
坡向 Slope aspect	无坡� No slope	31/48	0.209	0.022	AR
	阳坡 Sunny slope	3/4	0.243	0.097	AR
	半阳� Semi-sunny slope	9/13	0.224	0.057	AR
	阴坡 Shady slope	0/1	0.000	� 1.000	N
	半阴� Semi-shady slope	5/5	0.324	0.236	P
灌木类型 Shrub type	梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	33/50	0.103	0.016	AR
	霸王Sarcozygium xanthoxylon	14/24	0.091	� 0.046	AR
	白刺Nitraria tangutorum	12/15	0.125	0.112	P
	泡泡�N. sphaerocarpa	27/36	0.117	0.080	AR
	驼绒�Krascheninnikovia ceratiodes	1/3	0.052	� 0.315	NP
	沙拐�Calligonum mongolicum	1/1	0.156	0.220	P
	鹰爪�Convolvulus gortschakovii	3/5	0.094	� 0.032	AR
	中间锦鸡�Caragana intermedia	2/3	0.104	0.021	AR
	裸果�Gymnocarpos przewalskii	0/1	0.000	� 1.000	N
	无灌� No shrub	4/4	0.156	0.220	P
灌木数量 Shrub number	0 ~ 10	26/37	0.328	0.134	P
	10 ~ 20	18/28	0.300	0.090	AR
	20 ~ 30	4//4	0.373	0.197	P
	> 30	0/1	0.000	� 1.000	N
灌木高度 Shrub height	0 ~ 0.5 m	50/79	0.172	� 0.075	AR
	0.5 ~ 1.0 m	28/36	0.211	0.028	AR
	1.0 ~ 1.5 m	10/14	0.194	� 0.015	AR
	1.5 ~ 2.0 m	5/9	0.151	� 0.140	NP
灌木距离 Shrub distance	0 ~ 2 m	20/26	0.260	0.019	AR
	2 ~ 4 m	10/22	0.154	� 0.239	NP
	> 4 m	14/19	0.249	� 0.002	AR
隐蔽� Hiding cover degree	0 ~ 20%	6/8	0.212	0.029	AR
	20% ~ 40%	15/26	0.163	� 0.102	NP
	40% ~ 60%	12/18	0.188	� 0.030	AR
	60% ~ 80%	10/12	0.235	0.081	AR
	> 80%	5/7	0.202	0.004	AR
植被盖度 Vegetation coverage	0 ~ 20%	7/8	0.247	0.106	P
	20% ~ 40%	8/18	0.126	� 0.228	NP
	40% ~ 60%	7/15	0.132	� 0.205	NP
	60% ~ 80%	11/12	0.259	0.129	P
	> 80%	15/18	0.236	0.082	AR
草本植物类型 Herbaceous plant type	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	48/62	0.099	� 0.057	AR
	菊科 Asteraceae	20/21	0.122	0.047	AR
	蒺藜� Zygophyllaceae	25/26	0.123	0.051	AR
	禾本� Gramineae	16/20	0.102	� 0.040	AR
	豆科 Leguminosae	8/8	0.128	0.071	AR
	百合� Liliaceae	9/11	0.105	� 0.029	AR
	锁阳� Cynomoriaceae	2/2	0.128	0.071	AR
	列当� Orobanchaceae	1/2	0.064	� 0.269	NP
	无草� No herb	1/1	0.128	0.071	AR
距水源距� Distance from water	0 ~ 10 km	9/15	0.227	� 0.048	AR
	10 ~ 20 km	6/9	0.252	0.005	AR
	20 ~ 30 km	15/24	0.237	� 0.028	AR
	> 30 km	18/24	0.284	0.064	AR
距道路距� Distance from road	0 ~ 5 km	27/43	0.289	� 0.071	AR
	5 ~ 10 km	10/16	0.288	� 0.073	AR
	10 ~ 15 km	11/12	0.423	0.118	P
距居民点距离 Distance from residents	0 ~ 5 km	11/17	0.223	� 0.057	AR
	5 ~ 10 km	20/34	0.203	� 0.104	NP
	10 ~ 15 km	11/12	0.316	0.116	P
	15 ~ 20 km	6/8	0.258	0.017	AR
注：P表示偏好或选择，AR表示几乎随机选择，NP表示没有偏好，N表示回避选择。Notes: P indicates preference or choice, AR means almost random selection, NP indicates no preference, and N indicates no choice at all.

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