编者按：习近平生态文明思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是新时代我国生态文明建设的根本遵循和行动指南，在国际上传播好、解释好、宣传好习近平生态文明思想意义重大。北京林业大学始终把生态文明建设作为立校之本、发展之基，自觉肩负起生态文明宣传教育责任，使习近平生态文明思想引领贯穿人才培养全过程和各领域，把习近平生态文明思想的实践要求转化为青年的思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉。为进一步向国际社会传播习近平生态文明思想，共谋全球生态文明建设，本系列摘编整理了新时代生态文明建设领域双语资料，以期增进国际社会对中国生态文明建设的了解，推动生态文明宣传教育工作，形成宣传思想文化的国际合力。

Editor's note: Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It provides fundamental principles and guidance for action in the new era. It is of great significance to spread, explain and publicize Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization internationally. In answer to the national project, Beijing Forestry University takes the construction of ecological civilization as the driving force and development foundation. BFU takes it upon the shoulder to strengthen publicity and education on ecological civilization and promote green technology innovation, making Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-civilization dominate the whole process and every field of talent cultivation. BFU has been committed to raising green awareness among young people and promoting action to implement Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-civilization.

An aerial drone photo taken on April 22, 2024 shows a boat sailing in a river at the venue of the International Horticultural Exhibition 2024 Chengdu in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan Province. (Xinhua/Wang Xi)

国土空间开发保护格局

Territorial Space Development and Protection

国土空间是国家和民族最宝贵的自然资源，是生态文 明建设的空间载体。不同的国土空间，自然状况不同，需 要根据其主体功能定位确定开发内容和发展的主要任务， 构建科学合理的空间格局。2015 年 9 月，中共中央、国务院印发《生态文明体制改革总体方案》，首次提出构建国土 空间开发保护制度。2017 年 10 月，中共十九大进一步提出，构建国土空间开发保护制度，完善主体功能区配套政策，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。

Territorial space is the most valuable natural resource of a country. It is the spatial carrier of an eco-civilization. The conditions of different types of territorial space vary, so different development tasks and goals shall be determined for specific functional zones to form a rational layout.

In September 2015, the central authorities issued an Overall Plan to Reform the System for Developing an Eco-civilization, conceiving the idea of building systems for developing and protecting territorial space. In October 2017, the 19th National Congress of the CPC announced to establish systems for developing and protecting territorial space, improve supporting policies on functional zones, and develop a system of protected areas composed mainly of national parks.

构建国土空间开发保护制度，就是按照人口、资源、 环境相均衡，生产空间、生活空间、生态空间三大功能空间科学布局，经济效益、社会效益、生态效益三类效益有机统一的原则，以法律为依据，以空间规划为基础，以用途管制和市场化机制为手段，严格控制国土空间开发强度，调整优化空间结构，促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜 居适度、生态空间山清水秀，给自然留下更多修复空间，给农业留下更多良田，给子孙留下天蓝、地绿、水净的美好家园。

In creating systems for developing and protecting territorial space, China will work to strike a balance among population, resources and the environment, allot space to production, daily life and ecological development as appropriate, and coordinate the economic, social and ecological benefits. It will apply law-based, market-oriented regulation over the use of land, control the intensity of land development, and adjust the spatial structure, so as to ensure efficient use of production space and maintain a pleasant living space and a beautiful eco-environment. With this, there will be more space for nature to restore itself, more fertile land for agriculture, and a homeland with blue skies, green vegetation and clear waters for future generations.

国土空间规划是国家空间发展的指南、可持续发展的空间蓝图，是各类开发保护建设活动的基本依据。2019 年1 月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于建立国土空间规划体 系并监督实施的若干意见》，提出建立“五级三类四体系” 的国土空间规划体系，将主体功能区规划、土地利用规划、城乡规划等空间规划融合为统一的国土空间规划，实现“多规合一”，强化国土空间规划对各专项规划的指导约束作用，这标志着国土空间规划体系顶层设计和“四梁八柱” 基本形成。

A territorial space plan is a blueprint for sustainable development of China’s territorial space, and offers guidance for various developing and protecting activities. In early 2019, the central authorities published their decision on setting up a system for territorial space planning and on supervising relevant implementation. Current separate plans for functional zoning, land use and urban-rural development will be rolled into one for national territorial space development and protection. This all-in-one plan is the top-level design with a binding effect on various special development plans. This implies a pertinent institutional framework will be set up.

2021 年 3 月，“十四五”规划《纲要》明确将优化国 土空间开发保护格局作为“十四五”时期生态文明建设的一个主要目标，提出立足资源环境承载能力，发挥各地区比较优势，促进各类要素合理流动和高效集聚，推动形成主体功能明显、优势互补、高质量发展的国土空间开发保 护新格局。中国构建国土空间开发保护新格局是建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的需要，对全球经济发展和生态安全具有举足轻重的作用。

The 14th Five-year Plan, published in March 2021, lists better development and protection of territorial space as one of the major objectives to be achieved during the period 2021-2025. The land use planning will be based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and the comparative strengths of various regions, in a way that promotes rational flows and efficient concentration of production factors and high-quality development by enhancing distinctive functions of each area and leveraging complementary strengths.

The effort to develop and protect its territorial space will benefit China' s modernization with harmony between man and nature. It is also vital to global economic development and ecological security.

(From Keywords to Understand China: Ecological Civilization)